OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 673 



cultivation in Peru and Southern Brazil. Possibly by Polynesians, was carried to the Hawaiian 

 Islands, observed there by myself; and to Tongatabu, observed by Rich. Clearly by European col- 

 onists, was carried across the Pacific to the Philippines, where it has become frequent and is called 

 "achote" (Blanco); to the neighbouring islands (Rumph. ii. pi. 19); to Burmah, observed by 

 Mason v. 511 abundantly cultivated by the natives ; to Hindustan, called in Telinga " jafra," in Tamil 

 '• kooragoomangjul," in Malabar " korungoomunga," in Hindustanee " gawpurgee " (Drur.), in the 

 environs of Bombay "kisree" (Graham), cultivated as a dye, which however is not very durable, 

 used also medicinally (Roxb., and Wight). Transported to Europe, is described by Clusius, and 

 Commelyn hort. i. 65 ; the imported drug is used to tinge butter, cheese, oils, and varnish (Drur.). 



Swietenia mahagoni of the West Indies and Central America. The mahogany tree, called in 

 Carib "oubouheri" or by the women " liacaicachi " (Desc), and known from early times*: — 



* Ochroma lagopus of the West Indies. A large-leaved Bombaceous tree called in Carib 

 "saamonna" or " zamacuna " or " comaka " (Desc), and known from early times : — observed by 

 Plumier, and Swartz fl. ii. 11 44, in the West Indies; by Descourtilz, frequent there in the forest. 

 (See Eriodendron anfractuosum.) 



Humirium balsamiferum of Guayana. A lofty tree called in Carib "houmiri" or "touri" 

 (Lindl.), and known from early times : — observed by Aublet pi. 225 in the Guayana forest, and its 

 balsam compared to that of Peru ; mentioned also by Schomburgk (annotat. Ralegh). From trans- 

 ported specimens, is termed " myrodendron amplexicaule " by Schrebercjoi. 



Humitium floribundum of Eastern Equatorial America. A tree thirty feet high, called at Para 

 "umiri" (Lindl.), known from early times, — and yielding the valuable umiri balsam j possessing 

 the same medicinal properties as copaiva balsam, but regarded by Martius as superior and rivalling 

 the Peruvian: the living tree observed by Martius ii. pi. 199 in various parts of Brazil. 



Sauvagesia erecla of Tropical America. Suffruticose, called in Guayana "adima" or " yaoba " 

 (Lindl.), and from early times used medicinally: — in the West Indies, in slight inflammation of the 

 bladder (Jacq. am. pi. 51) ; in Brazil, in complaints of the eyes (A. Saint-Hil. rem. pi. 3); in Peru, 

 •in disorders of the bowels, and called " yerba de St. Martin" (Ruiz and Pav. iii. n) ; is known to 

 grow also in Mexico (A. Saint-Hil.). Probably by European colonists was carried across the Atlan- 

 tic to Senegal and Guinea (Willd., and fl. nigr.) ; to Madagascar (A. Saint-Hil., and A. Dec.) ; and 

 to Java (Perrott.). 



Spondias mombin of the West Indies. A large Terebinthoid tree called there " hobos " (Ovied.), 

 in Carib " oubou " or by the women " monbea " (Desc), and its plum-like fruit eaten from early 

 times : — described by Petrus Martyr, and Oviedo nat. liyst. 72 and gen. hist. viii. 2 ; observed also 

 in the West Indies by Sloane ii. pi. 219, Jacquin am. pi. 88, and Descourtilz. Transported to Europe, 

 is termed "s. purpurea" by Miller (Steud.). 



Spondias myrobalanus of Guayana. An allied species known also from early times: — observed 

 by Sloane ii. pi. 219, and Jacquin 138; by Merian pi. 13, in Surinam. Transported to Europe, is 

 termed "s. lutea " by Miller (Sleud.). 



Hedivi«ia balsamifera of the mountains of Hayti. An Amyroid tree, known from early times : — 

 observed by Swartz fl. ii. 672. From transported specimens, is termed " burs era balsamifera" by 

 Persoon i. 414 and 524. 



Icica heptaphylla of Guayana. An Amyroid tree called there " hyawa " or " haiawa" (Hancock) 

 or in Carib "arou aou " (Aubl.), and known from early times: — observed by Aublet pi. 130 in the 

 Guayana forest, its trunk exuding a fragrant liquid that hardens into a whitish resin, according to 

 Hancock a valuable remedy for coughs (Lindl). 



Icica aracouchini of Guayana. A small tree yielding balsam of acouchi, an aromatic- terebinthi- 

 nous liquid highly esteemed by the Caribs from early times as a vulnerary: — observed by Aublet pi. 

 133 in the Guayana forest, near the source of the Courou river (Pers., and Lindl.) ; mentioned also 

 by Schomburgk (annotat. Ralegh). 



Icica tacamahaca of the Oronoco. Known from early times, — and yielding one of the bitter 

 resins called iacamahaca : — observed by Humboldt and Bonpland common near Calabozo on the 

 plains of the Oronoco (Lindl.). 



Icica carana of the Oronoco. Known from early times : — observed by Humboldt and Bonpland 

 at the missions on the Oronoco, and supposed by most writers to yield the fragrant balsamic sub- 

 stance called caranna, but this is disputed by Hancock (Lindl.). 



Cedrota longifolia of Guayana. A lofty tree, known from early times : — observed by Aublet i. 

 pi. 126 in the depths of the Guayana forest, and termed by him "aniba guianensis ; " according to 

 Hancock yielding the balsamic substance called caranna (Lindl.). 



Eiythrma corallodendron of the West Indies. A coral tree called in Carib " aiphi tuinanti-iba " 



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