678 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Argania sideroxylon of Morocco. The " arjan " o£ Ebn Redwhan, — or " arjan of West Africa " 

 of Ebn Baitar, is referred here by Sontheiroer and others : A. sideroxylon was observed by Schous- 

 boe p. 89, a small tree frequent in woods in Southern Barbary between the rivers Tansif and Suz, 

 and an oil-like olive oil obtained from the nuts (Pers.). From transported specimens, described by 

 Commelyn hort. i. pi. 83. 



" 1056 A. D." (Alst.), Theodora succeeded by Michael VI. Strato, forty-sixth Byzantine emperor. 



"The same year" (Alst.), Henricus III. succeeded by his son Henricus IV., seventh emperor 

 of Germany and Italy. 



"The same year" (Talvi i.), date of the manuscript Evangelium of Ostromir, posadnic or mayor 

 of Novogorod ; the earliest example known of Slavonic writing. Except that writings of about the 

 same age occur in the Glagolitic character. — The next oldest Slavonic manuscripts are : one written 

 " seventeen," and another " twenty " years later. 



" The same year " (Pouchet), Greenland and Vinland (and of course North America) included in 

 a Bull from pope Victor II. 



" 1057 A. D." (Alst., and Nicol.), Victor II. succeeded by Stephanus X., eighty-ninth arcbbishop 

 of Rome. 



" The same year" (Alst.), Michael VI. succeeded by Isaacus Comnena, forty-seventh Byzantine 

 emperor. 



" The same year" (Nicol.), Macbeth succeeded by Malcolm III., as king of Scotland. 



" 1058 A. D. (=450 A. H." of Ferisht., Elph.), Farokzad succeeded by his brother Ibrahim, a 

 religious devotee, and now sultan of Ghazni. He yielded to the Seljuks all their demands, — and 

 had a long and peaceful reign. 



" Dec. 2.Sth " (Alst., and Nicol.), a synod at Sienna ; and through the influence of the emperor 

 Henricus IV., Nicolaus II. elected ninetieth archbishop. 



" 1060 A. D." (Alst. p. 372), Petrus Damiani bishop of Ostia, writing against the abuses and 

 corrupt condition of the church. 



" 1061 A. D." (Alst., and Nicol.), at Rome, Nicolaus II. succeeded by Anselin da Baggio of 

 Milan ; now Alexander II., ninety-first archbishop. 



"The same year" (Alst.), Isaacus Comnena succeeded by Constantinus XI. Ducas, forty-eighth 

 Byzantine emperor. 



" In or about 1062 A D." (= 1091 — " supposed 30- years reign," G. de la Vega, and addit. art 

 de verif.), Manco Capac succeeded by his son Sinchi-Roca, now second Inca of Peru. Who con- 

 tinued his father's laws and peaceful policy ; * — and by these influences, added twenty leagues to his 

 dominions on the South. 



" 1063 A. D." (Lubke and Lutrow), after a plan furnished by Rainaldus, the building of the 

 church at Pisa commenced. 



" In this year " ( Grey transl. Angiolello 97), foundation of the city of Tiflis on the river Kur. — 

 It is the present capital of Russian Trans-Caucasia. 



"1064 A. D. = 'tchi-ping,' 1st year of Yng-tsoung, of the Soung" or twenty-first dynasty 

 (Chinese chron. table). 



" 1065 A. D." (Marcel), while engaged in expelling the Muslims from Southern Italy, count Roger 



* Tropaolum tuberosum of Peru. From early times cultivated on the Peruvian Andes for its 

 tuberous roots (Humb. iv. 9) : observed by Ruiz and Pavon pi. 314; by myself, planted in small 

 patches in company with the preceding. 



Basella tuberosa of Peru. A fourth tuber cultivated from early times on the Peruvian Andes : — 

 observed by Humboldt and Bonpland ; by myself, with the others planted in small patches just below 

 the Paramera or cold pastoral region. 



Monina polystachia of the Peruvian Ancles. A downy Polygaloid shrub growing in the cool 

 region and called in Peruvian " yallhoy masca " (Lindl.), and from early times the bark of its root used 

 as a substitute for soap, — and for cleansing and polishing wrought silver ; preferred also to quassia 

 as a remedy in dysentery and irritating diarrhoea (Ruiz and Pav. 171). 



Monina salicifolia of the Peruvian Andes. An allied species growing in the middle mountain- 

 region of the Western slope, and possessing the same properties (Ruiz and Pav. 772, and Lindl.). 



Calceolaria trijida of Peru. Suffruticose, called in Peruvian " tumpu " (Lindl.), and known 

 from early times, —regarded as antiseptic, tonic, and febrifugal ; observed by Ruiz and Pavon i. pi. 

 26 in the middle mountain-region, in shaded situations near water (Pers.). 



Calceolaria atneiformis of the Western slope of the Peruvian Andes. Its chewed leaves show- 

 ing a yellow dye : — observed by Ruiz and Pavon pi. 27 near Canta and Tarma in the middle moun- 

 tain-region (Pers.). 



