68o CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



ten years later to "such nuns as had assumed the veil as a security against the insults of the Nor- 



a "' ; 1067 A. D." (Alst.), Constantinus XI. succeeded by Michael VII. Ducas, forty-ninth Byzan- 

 tine emperor. , , r , . 



One hundred and sixty-first generation. Sept. 1st, 1067, onward mostly beyond youth : the Chi- 

 nese writers, the historians Sse-ma-kouang, and Lieou-yu : the Jewish writers, jehuda Ibn BaJam, K. 

 Ishak Cordubensis, Jacob ben Reuben, and Isaac Ibn Gajjat : the Arab writers, Ebn Ssaid Ebn 

 Jezla d. 1095 : the Greek writers, Joannes Scylitzes d. after 1031, and Joannes Micrologus : Adamus 

 Bremensis, Ado Trevirensis ; William of Spires ; Roscelinus the reviver of Nominalism ; Anselmus 

 of Lugo, Anselmus of Laon, Ingulphus ; Nestor of Russia ; Ivo Carnotiensis : the scholastic theo- 

 logians, Guitmundus, and Anselm afterwards archbishop of Canterbury : the translators of Arabic, 

 Hermannus comes Veringensis, Gerardus Cremonensis, and Daniel Morlajus. 



" 1068 A. D. = 'hi-ning,' 1st year of Chin-tsoung. of the Soung" or Twenty-first dynasty (Chi- 

 nese chron. table). By his minister Wang-'an-chi, mints, coining and regulating the amount of money 

 in the provinces, and other innovations in government, introduced. 



A new philosophy, the " Philosophy of Nature," also founded by Wang-'an-chi. 



" 1069 A. D." (ann. Jap., and art de verif.), Go-reisei succeeded by his younger brother Go-san- 

 dsio, now seventy-first dairo of Japan. 



By Karika, " a chief of an island to the westward called Manuka" (Manu'a in the Samoan Group), 

 the Rarotongan or Hervey Islands found uninhabited and colonized in the "twenty-ninth generation" 

 before — his lineal descendant Makea (the principal chief at the time of the visit of J. Williams miss, 

 ent. 169). " Again putting to sea," Karika encountered Tangiia a fugitive Taheitian chief, and allowed 

 him to settle on the East side of Rarotonga.* Communication with the Taheitian Group, from this 

 time continued "very frequent" (Hale ethnogr. expl. exp. 136). 



" In or about this year " (Nicol.), by a synod at Spalatro, the Dalmatians prohibited from using 

 the Slavonic language in religious services. 



" 1070 A. D." (Blair), by Arzachel of Toledo, the sun's declination observed to be " 29 34'-" — 

 Four hundred and two " observations on the apogee of the sun " were left by Arzachel. 



" The same year " ( M. Russell pp. 150 and 250), the altars, fifty-five obelisks, with other ancient 

 structures at Axum, mostly broken and destroyed by Goudit or Judith, coming from Amhara. She 

 was of Hebrew lineage, and on the death of Dalnaad, usurped the government, and reigned "forty" 

 years. 



" 1072 A. D." (Nicol.) in England by a synod, the primacy confirmed to Lanfranc archbishop of 

 Canterbury. 



" 1073 A. D." (Alst., and Nicol.), at Rome, Alexander II. succeeded by Hildebrand of Tuscany, 

 now Gregorius VII., ninety-second archbishop. 



'• October" (Alst., and Nicol), a synod at Erford. Tythes were exacted from the Thuringians. 

 Also, a proposal was received from Hildebrand, That priests should either abjure matrimony, or give 

 up their office. 



" The same year " (ann. Jap., and art de verif.), Go-san-dsio succeeded by his eldest son Surakawa 

 or Ziro-kawa, now seventy-second dairo of Japan. 



" 1074, or thereabouts " (Nicol), in a synod at Paris, the abbot of Pontoise abused and beaten, 

 for defending the decree of Hildebrand, forbidding the hearing of mass "said by incontinent priests." 



" 1075 A. D." (Nicol.), a synod in London, of all England. " The ancient canons touching the 

 rank of bishops" were renewed, and "superstitions, divinations, etc.," forbidden. 



"June 9th " (Blair), at Neustadt in Thuringia, the Saxons defeated by the emperor Henricus IV. 



* Pachvrhizns a n»nla tits of the Malayan archipelago. — A common-looking bean under culti- 

 vation on Metia was said to produce a yam-like edible root, and I heard a similar account on Tonga- 

 tabu. P. angulatus was observed by Rumphius v. pi. 132 in the Malayan archipelago, producing a 

 large edible tuberous root ; and the " hicamas " or " sincamas " of the Philippines is described by 

 Blanco as well known there and its large root eaten crude by both natives and Europeans ; P. angu- 

 latus was seen by Parish in Burmah, and Mason v. 466 to SHy speaks of " a variety of the Goa bean 

 which produces esculent roots that are eaten like potatoes, and are a very tolerable vegetable." 

 Farther West, P. angulatus was observed by Roxburgh, and Wight, in Hindustan ; by Graham, as 

 far as Bombay, but no native names are given. By European colonists, was carried to the Mauritius 

 Islands, observed by Bojer under cultivation and growing spontaneously. Transported to Europe, is 

 described by Plukenet aim. pi. 52. " Dolichos tuberosus " received by Lamarck from Martinique 

 (Pers), but according to Descourtilz "introduced" there, no Carib name being given, may also be 

 coniDared. 



