OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 68 1 



" 1076, Jan. 23d " (Alst., and Nicol.), a synod at Worms ; " twenty-six " bishops being present, 

 together with Henricus IV. The deposition of Hildebrand was declared ; a sentence approved soon 

 afterwards in the synod at Pavia by many French and Italian bishops. In return, Hildebrand in a 

 synod at Rome adopted the novel measure of excommunicating the emperor, absolving his subjects 

 from their allegiance. 



Finding himself abandoned by both nobles and people and the succession being elective, Henri- 

 cus IV. in the end yielded, and made a journey to Rome. The beginning of the Papal Hierarchy 

 over the monarchs of Western Europe. 



" October" (Nicol.), in a synod at Salona, Demetrius crowned king of Dalmatia. 



" 1077, March 13th " (Nicol.), a synod at Forcheim in Franconia. Henricus IV. was declared 

 deposed, and Rodolph of Swabia elected emperor of Germany. 



"The same year" (Alst.), end of the chronicle of Lambertus Schafnaburgensis. By whom also, 

 many abuses in the church are enumerated. 



"1078 A. D." (Nicol.), a synod in London. Ulstan or Wulstan bishop of Worcester was 

 deposed, for not understanding the French language ; and Bath, Lincoln, Exeter, and Chichester 

 were made episcopal cities. 



"The same year" (Alst.), Michael VII. succeeded by Nicephorus III. Botoniates, fiftieth Byzan- 

 tine emperor. 



"November" (Nicol.), in a synod at Rome, the Byzantine emperor excommunicated. 



About this time (= "1392 — more than 300 years" of Dallet p. xiii), Ouang-kien, king of 

 Kao-li, aided by China conquering the States of Pet-si and Sin-la, thus uniting all Corea under his 

 rule. He is called the founder of the Kaoli or Korie dynasty. 



" 1080 A. D." (Nicol.), a synod at Rome. The investiture of laymen was forbidden ; Rodolp 

 of Swabia was declared emperor of Germany ; and the session closed " March 7th." 



" The same year " (Nicol.), by a synod at Burgos in Old Castile, the Roman ritual substituted in 

 Spain for that of the Goths. 



" The same year " (Alst., and others), the Carthusian Order of monks, founded by Bruno. 



"The same year" (Nicol.), beginning of the compilation of "Dooms-day book," from a survey 

 of all the estates in England. — The compilation was completed in " six " years. 



"The same year" (Klapr. mem. i. 410), end of Armenian history. — The nation no longer hav- 

 ing a government and territorial home, but consisting of dispersed individuals engaged in commerce. 



" 1081 A. D." (Alst.), Nicephorus III. succeeded by Alexius Comnenus, son of Isaacus, and now 

 fifty-first Byzantine emperor. Writings of the emperor Alexius Comnenus are extant. 



"The same year" (Alst), Rome captured by Henricus IV. And in a synod assembled there, 

 Guibertus or Clemens elected to the place of the escaped Hildebrand. 



" 1082 A. D." (Puranas, Bentl. as. res. viii. 243, and H. H. Wils. dram. Hind.), Munja succeeded 

 by Raja Boja also called Vicrama as Hindu king. The last two names (according to Wilford as. res. 

 ix.) belonging to one king. 



The astronomer Varaha Miliiri, author of the Surya Siddhanta, enumerated among the "nine 

 gems " in the council of king Vicrama; together with Cshapanaca, Sancu, Betalabhatta, Ghatacarpura, 

 and Bararuchi (Navaratna, and Bentl. p. 242). 



" 1083 A. D." (Alst), end of the chronicle of Marianus Scotus. 



Amera Sinha, ninth gem in the council of king Vicrama (Bentl. as. res. viii. p. 242, and Colebr. 

 p. 499) mentions in his dictionary relating to animals the " gavaya " (gayal ox), the spotted axis 

 (Cervus axis), the porcine deer (Cervus ....), the black antilope (Antilopa ....), and the painted 

 or white-footed antilope (Antilopa nilgau).* 



* He7nidesmus Indicus of Tropical Hindustan. A shrubby twining Asclepiaceous plant called 

 in Sanscrit " shariva " or " ununta " (Pidd.), in Bengalee and Hindustanee " ununtamul " (J. F. Wats.), 

 in Telinga " soogundapala," in Tamil "nunnari" (Drur.); in which we recognize the " sariva " of the 

 Amara-cosha, — and "sariva" and "ananta" of Susrutas chik. 15 to 38: H. Indicus was observed 

 by Rheede x. pi. 34 in Malabar; by Graham, "very common" in the environs ot Bombay; by Bur- 

 mann zeyl. pi. 83, Ainslie, Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Travancore, Ceylon, and Bengal, its root 

 used among the natives particularly for the thrush in children, and by Tamil physicians in cases of 

 strangury and gravel (Drur.). According to Lindley, "a great deal of it is consumed in London now, 

 as a very fine kind of sarsaparilla." 



Villarsia Indica of Tropical Hindustan and Ceylon. An aquatic plant "with large reniform 



86 



