686 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



recognize the keSCthrOtu of Anglo-Saxon glossaries, — referred here by Cockayne : M. poda- 

 graria is described by Dodoens pempt. 320; is termed "angelica sylvestris minor sive erratica " by 

 Tournefort inst. 313 ; is known to grow along hedges throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark 

 (fl. Dan. pi. 607, Engl. bot. pi. 940, and Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp and Chau- 

 bard, in the Peloponnesus.* 



" Dec. 19th " (T. Wright early trav. Pal.), " Saet " or Sidon captured by Godfrey Baldwin and 

 the crusaders ; Sigurd, brother of the king of Norway, co-operating with a fleet. 



"The same year" (Abul-Fazil, and Wilford as. res. ix. 168), Jidahana, king of Delhi, slain in 

 battle against Bala-deva of the legitimate Chauhana family. 



" 1 1 1 1, Feb. 1 2th" (Nicol.), a synod at Latran, wherein Henricus V. "instead of resigning the 

 right of investiture as he had previously agreed to do," took the pope prisoner. He compelled a 

 treaty, signed "April nth," whereby the emperor resumed his right. 



" The same year = 1st year of the ' tching-ho ' of Hoei-tsoung " — (Chinese chron. table). 



" The same year " (Clint, iv. p. 835, see also Alst.), end of the chronicle of Sigebertus Gembla- 

 censis. 



Spircea filipendula of middle and Northern Europe. Called in Britain dropwort (Turn. iii. 31, 

 and Prior), in Anglo-Saxon " dropeworte " (gl. Laud. 553, and ms. Bodl. 536); described by Mat- 

 tha^us Platearius f. 237, — and termed " oenanthe " by Fuchsius 562 (Spreng.) : common according 

 to Lindley "in pastures in elevated situations" in Britain; known to grow also from Denmark to 

 middle France (fl. Dan. pi. 935, Pers., and A. Dec). Eastward, the " philipSnthoula " is mentioned 

 by Nicolaus Myrepsus 40. S. filipendula according to Lindley is accounted tonic on account of its 

 "bitter astringent qualities." 



" 1 1 12, or thereabouts" (Nicol.), by a synod in Jerusalem, the emperor Henricus V. excommu- 

 nicated. 



" 1 1 13 A. D. (= 1027 -f- 25 -j- 53 -\- 8 yrs " of Kalhan. hist. Cashm., H. H. Wils.), Kalasa suc- 

 ceeded by Utkarsha, and after " twenty-two days " by Harsha, now king of Cashmere. Harsha pat- 

 ronized literature, and was acquainted with various languages. 



Somadeva, the author of the Vrihat-Katha, at this time writing — (H. H. Wils. ind. dram. ii. 257). 



"In this year" (Alst.), a military monastic Order founded, that of the Knights of St. John of 

 Jerusalem. — Some centuries later, this Order of monks, under the name " Knights of Malta," exer- 

 cised great influence throughout the Mediterranean : until the seizure of their island by Buonaparte. 



" 1 1 14 A. D. (=: 508 A. H." of Ferisht., Elph.), Masaud II. succeeded by his son Arslan, now 

 sultan of Ghazni. 



"In this year (= 1036 an. Saca," Colebrooke as. res. ix. 351), birth of the Hindu astronomer 

 Bhascara. 



In this year = " 4th year tching-ho " (topog. Cant., and Pauth. p. 473), tribute of precious stones, 

 rhinoceros horns, and elephants' teeth, sent by the ship-captains. • 



About this time ("between tin and 1117," Humb. cosm. ii.), the manner of measuring the 

 Westerly variation of the magnetic needle mentioned in the Chinese Penthsaoyan as long understood. 



" H15 A. D." (Chinese chron. table), the name Tai-tsou and the title "ti" or emperor, assumed 

 by the Tartar chief of the Kin ; now in possession of the Northern portion of China. 



"After Christmas" (Nicol.), a synod in Syria. Arnulph, patriarch of Jerusalem, was deposed. 



"n 16, March 20th" (Nicol.), a synod at Salisbury. Wherein, king Henry being present, an 

 attempt was made to compel Thurstan, archbishop of York, to promise obedience to the archbishop of 

 Canterbury. 



"In this year (= 510 A. H.," Edrisi, and Jaub.), a palace built at Ghana in Soudan by the 

 Muslim ruler of the city and country. 



Canavalia ensiformis of Tropical Africa. Seeds of the sword bean are called in Egypt "ful 

 djellabe " or "ful barabra" (Forsk.), and the plant in Hindustanee " suffaid " or " lal kudsumbal," in 

 Telinga "yerra" or " tellay tumbetten-kaya," in Tamil " segapoo " or " vellay thumbetten," in Benga- 

 lee "mekhun shim" (Drur.), in Burmah " pai-noung-nee " (Mason), on the Philippines "habas" or 

 on Leite " magtambocao " (Blanco) : known from early times : — C. ensiformis is known to occur in 

 Equatorial Africa (A. Dec.) ; a species regarded as probably identical was observed by Grant at 

 Chopeh in N. Lat. 2° on the Nile, the " Wanyamuezi spin its beans as an amusement; " and " dolichos 



* Mentha citrata of middle Europe. Called in Britain bergamot mint (Prior) : the b^LSme- 

 thMI of didax. 15, — or "balsaminta" of gloss, m., is referred here by Cockayne: M. citrata is 

 termed "m. rubra" by Miller (Steud.) ; and is known to grow in Germany and Britain (Ehrh., Smith 

 brit. ii. p. 616, and Pers.). The plant according to Lindley "furnishes a fragrant oil, having very 

 much the odour of bergamot." 



