OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 687 



faba nigrita" was observed by Forskal p. 133 a single stock under cultivation at Djidda, and beans 

 brought by caravans from Abyssinia worn by Egyptian women and children for ornament. Eastward, 

 C. ensiformis was observed by Rheede viii. pi. 44 in Malabar; by Graham, "commonly cultivated" 

 in the environs of Bombay, " varieties with red and white flowers, the half grown pods are eaten ; " 

 by Drury, "cultivated in the Peninsula" for "its esculent pods," also "a common plant in hedges 

 and thickets " (naturalized) ; by Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Bengal ; by Mason v. 466 " exotic " 

 in Burmah, cultivated "to a small extent, and its young pods " eaten ; is described by Rumphius v. 

 pi. 135 ; was seen by Blanco at Batangas village on the Philippines, the flowers white, and young pods 

 eaten. By European colonists, was carried to Jamaica prior to the visit of Sloane i. pi. 114 (Pers.). 



"In this year (= 6th year 'tching-ho' of Hoei-tsoung," Remus, iii. 86), arrival in China of 

 Seng-ka or Kieou-ma-seng-ka, ambassador from Cambodia bearing tribute. 



" 1 1 17, April " (Nicol.), a synod at Benevento. Wherein the archbishop of Braga was excom- 

 municated, for crowning Henricus V. at Rome during the absence of the pope. 



" In or about this year " (according to Klaproth) the mariner's compass brought from China by 

 the Arabs. — It is mentioned as long known in Europe in a poem by Guyot of Provence "in 1199" 

 (Whewell, Kobelliv., and Humb. cosm. v.); the "shipman's stone that draws the needle to it" is also 

 mentioned by Maundeville xiv. 



" 1118, Jan. 25th " (Alst, and Nicol.), Paschalis II. succeeded by cardinal John Gaetano or Gela- 

 sius II., fifth pope. Louis VI. ruling France ; and Alexander, Scotland. 



"The same year" (Alst), Alexius Comnenus succeeded by his son Joannes II. or Calo-Joannes, 

 fifty-second Byzantine emperor. 



"The same year" (Nicol.), in a synod at Rouen, king Henry of England "treated with the lords 

 and the archbishop of Canterbury concerning the peace of the realm, whilst Geoffry bishop of Rouen 

 treated of the affairs of the church." 



" In this year (= 512 A. H." of Ferisht., Elph.), Arslan succeeded by his brother Behram, now 

 sultan of Ghazni. He patronized Literature, — and the Persian poet Nizami resided at his court. 



" 1 1 19, Feb. 1st" (Alst., and Nicol.), Gelasius II. succeeded by Guy archbishop of Vienne, now 

 Calixtus II. sixth pope. 



" The same year " (Alst.), founding of a second military monastic Order, the Knights Temp- 

 lars. — Nine years later (Nicol.), a synod was convened at Troyes, on " the rule and habit to be 

 given " to these military monks. 



" 1 120 A. D. = end of the Fourteenth manwantara," and of the Graha Munjari tables. None 

 of the Puranas, "in the form they now stand, are older than" this date; — some "are the compila- 

 tions of still later times" (Bentl. as. res. viii. p. 241). 



" In this year (;= second year siouan-ho of Hoei-tsoung," Remus, mel. iii. 88), arrival in China 

 of Ma-la-ma-thou-fang, ambassador from Cambodia bearing tribute.* 



" 1121 A. D." (Pouchet,and Major), sailing of bishop Eric from Greenland for Vinland, "to con- 

 vert his countrymen." 



" 1122 A. D." (Nicol.), by a synod at Soissons, Abelard "compelled to burn his book concern- 

 ing the Trinity." 



"1123 A. D. = 1st year of the 'thian-hoei' of Tai-tsoung of the Kin;" ruling Northern China, 

 while in the South, the Soung dynasty continued— Chinese chron. table). 



" March 18th to April 5th " (Nicol.), general Councils no longer held in the East, but the Ninth 

 o-eneral ecclesiastical Council assembled at the Lateran in Rome. Marriage among priests was con- 

 demned by pope Calixtus II., an additional fast-day instituted, and dissent from the Catholic church 

 prohibited (Alst.). 



* Ocymmn sanctum of Tropical Hindustan. Called in Hindustan "tulsi" or "tulosi," in Sans- 

 crit "vrinda" or " cut'heraca '' or "cat'hinjara '' or "tulasi" (W. Jones), in the environs of Bombay 

 "kala toolsee" (Graham), in which we recognize the plant into which the nymph Tulasi is said in 

 the Puranas to have been metamorphosed :— the "tulasi" plant according to H. H. Wilson hind, 

 dram. i. p. 21 continues to be worshipped in some Bengal families as their tutelary divinity or house- 

 hold god : O. sanctum is described by Rumphius v. pi. 92 ; was observed in Hindustan by Rheede x. 

 pi. 86, and Roxburgh ; by W. Jones as. res. iv. p. 288, '■ one or two feet high," the whole plant hav- 

 ing "a dusky purplish hue " and " thence perhaps " held " sacred to Crishna ; " by Graham, "com- 

 mon in gardens and about Hindu temples everywhere." Farther East, is enumerated by Mason v. 

 p. 438 and 790 as " exotic " in Burmah and frequent around dwellings of the Karens : was observed 

 by Blanco on the Philippines, used by the natives, and called in Tagalo " balanoi." A species of 

 Ocymum observed by myself on the top of a column near a Hindu temple seemed the same aborigi- 

 nally introduced throughout the Feejeean, Samoan, and Taheitian Islands, met with around the native 

 dwellings, and in one instance at Taheiti planted on a grave. 



