OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 689 



" In this year" (Angrim. Jonas, and Relation du Groenl. 201), the Greenland bishop Arnaud, 

 on his way to Norway, shipwrecked on Iceland : and among the articles thrown on shore were 

 "dentes balenarum pretiosi " (Monoceros unicornu) inscribed by some sailor with Runic letters so 

 that he could reclaim them. Arnaud or Arnold (according to Major edit. Zen. p. lxv) set up the 

 episcopal seat at Gardar. 



" 1127 A. D. = 'kien-yen,' 1st year of Kao-tsoung II., of the Soung " or Twenty-first dynasty 

 (Chinese chron. table). The seat of government was removed by Kao-tsoung II. to Nan-king; — 

 and afterwards, farther South to Hang-tcheou (Pauth. 346). 



" November " (Nicol.), in a synod at Troie, the excommunication of Roger II. Norman king of 

 Sicily for assuming the title " duke of Pouille and Calabria," was confirmed. 



The same year = " 1st year kien-yen " (topog. Cant., and Pauth. 346), a great scarcity of metals 

 having been produced by over-exportation, clandestinely carried on in spite of the severity of the 

 laws, an edict : That many useless things being imported, precious stones for rings etc. might be pur- 

 chased with silver, and if the foreigners were fraudulent the Chinese would be severely punished. 

 Officers of the government were however permitted to receive elephants' 1 teeth, and rhinoceros' horns. 



Books in the Tagalo language written by the natives of the Philippine Islands as early probably 

 as this date.* 



phantiasis — (Bancroft) : observed by Humboldt and Bonpland pi. 495 among rocks at Lactacunga in 

 Quito. 



Arracacha esculenta of the Bogotan Andes. An Umbelliferous plant cultivated from early times 

 for its edible root: — described by Bancroft. 



Cestrum Mutisii of the Bogotan Andes. Called there " uvilla " (Humb. iv. 10), its fruit furnish- 

 ing a dye known from early times, — and to the present day used for ink in the city of Bogota: 

 observed and described by Humboldt and Bonpland. 



Festuca quadridsntata of the Equatorial Andes. A grass called "pigouil" by the natives of 

 Quito (Lindl.), and known from early times as very poisonous and fatal to animals : — observed by 

 Humboldt and Bonpland i. pi. 160 (Pereir. in med. gaz. xvii. pi. 6). 



* Uvaria amuyon of the Philippines. A tree called in Tagalo " amuyon " (Blanco) ; its seeds 

 employed medicinally, and according to the books of the country a counter-poison: — observed by 

 Blanco. 



Impatiens {Hydrocera) triflora of Ceylon. Called in Tagalo and Pampango " camantigui," in 

 Bisaya "Surafiga" or "solanga" (Blanco); and in ancient times according to history, its leaves 

 used by women to paint themselves : — observed by Blanco cultivated by the natives on the Philip- 

 pines ; by Blume, on Java ; by Mason in Burmah, enumerated as indigenous ; by Hermann par. pi. 

 105, and Burmann pi. 116, in the marshes of Ceylon (Pers.). 



Mocancra tliiirifera of the Philippines. A large tree called in Tagalo " lavaan " or "sandana," 

 in Bisaya "lavaan" (Blanco) ; and in ancient times, used in ship-building — (P. Gaspar) : observed 

 by Blanco common in Bisayas, Tagalos, and elsewhere. 



Mocanera verniciflua of the Philippines. A tree called in Tagalo "malapaho" or "balao" or 

 "panao" (Blanco), yielding the fluid resin mentioned in the books under the name of " malapajo " 

 and "balao," — and to the present day sold for varnish : growing according to Blanco in Bisayas 

 and various places of the Tagalos, common. 



M ocaiiera grandiflora of the Philippines. A large tree called in Tagalo "apiton" or "hapiton " 

 (Blanco), yielding a very similar resin, furnishing besides large canoes and planks for house-build- 

 ino- : — observed by Blanco in Bisayas, Marinduque, Mindoro, and other places. 



Nauclea lulej of the Philippines. A large Cinchonoid tree called in Tagalo " bangcal," in Pam- 

 pango "bancal," in Bisaya "bancal" or "gabag hanbabalos," in Ylocano " bulala " (Blanco) ; and 

 before the arrival of the Spaniards, used by the Bisaya for " ataudes " for their dead : — observed by 

 Blanco, the wood yellow. 



Premna odorata of the Philippines. A Verbenaceous tree called "alagao," in Bisaya "adgao" 

 or " pamuhat," in Ylocano " anobran," in Pampango " tanglay maloto " (Blanco), and mentioned in 

 the books ; its dried flowers from early times employed medicinally: — growing on all the islands, 

 according to Blanco. 



Clerodendron foitunatu/n of the Philippines. A Verbenaceous shrub called in Tagalo " caso- 

 paiigil gubat " (Blanco) ; and the superstitious belief giving rise to the name, as early probably as 

 thisdate : at the same time, cutting a flower of the unfortunate species was believed to cause the 

 breaking of some article in the house : — C. fortunatum was observed by Blanco on the Philippines ; 

 is described also by Osbeck trav. pi. 11. 



Clerodendron inforlunatum of Tropical Hindustan and the Malayan archipelago. A shrub 

 called in Sanscrit " bhanti " or " bhantaca," in Bengalee "bhant" (J. F. Wats.), in Telinga " bock- 



87 



