690 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



" 112S A. D." (Nicol.), a synod at Ravenna. "The patriarchs of Aquila and of Venice, or of 

 Grado," were deposed. 



•' In this year (= 2d year kian-yan of Kao-tsoung," Remus, mel. iii. 88), the prince of Cambodia 

 raised to the dignity of king. 



'■ 1130, Feb. 15th " (Nicol ), Honorius II. succeeded by cardinal Gregory now Innocentius II., 

 eighth pope. Lotharius II. ruling Germany and Italy; and David, Scotland. 



"The same year" (art de verif), El-Amr assassinated by emissaries of Ismael ; and the acces- 

 sion of El- Hafez of the Fatimite dynasty, eighth sultan of Egypt. A coin issued by El-Hafez at 

 Alexandria is figured in Marcel p. 127. 



" 1 131, Oct. 19th " (Nicol.), a synod at Rheims. Wherein " seventeen canons were published : " 

 one of them, prohibiting "canons regular and monks" from acting either as "pleaders or physi- 

 cians ; " and another, prohibiting tournaments. 



The '• Dhanvantari " enumerated as the " Seventh " gem in the council of king Vicrama (Nava- 

 ratna, and Bentl. as. res. viii. 243) is perhaps the Sanscrit medical writer Susrutas* (called a "pupil 



ada " (Drur.) ; in Burmah " bu-gyee-phyoo " (Mason); and apparently the species regarded as 

 unlucky: — the " bhantaki " of Susrutas, may be compared: C. infortunatum was observed by 

 Rheede ii. pi. 25 in Malabar; by Law, Nimmo, and Graham, in the Southern Concan and the en\i- 

 rons of Bombay, common ; by W. Jones as. res. iv. 259, Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Bengal, the 

 juice of the leaves employed by the natives as a vermifuge, also as a bitter tonic and substitute for 

 chiretta (Drur.) ; was observed by Burmann z. pi. 29 on Ceylon ; by Mason, indigenous in Burmah. 



Cynomorium Philippcnse of the Philippines. Parasitic on the roots of trees, entirely red, called 

 in Tagalo and Bisaya " capulao " (Blanco) ; and enumerated by botanical writers as astringent and 

 medicinal: — brought from Cebu to Blanco. 



Fiats laccifira of Cebu and Negros Island. A tree called in Bisaya " lagnob ; " and the <y/?« lac 

 produced on it by an insect, regarded by Blanco as probably known in early times : — the tree seems 

 confined to the two islands of Cebu and Negri is. 



Fiats pseudo-patina of the Philippines. A tree called in Tagalo "niogniogan ;" and from iden- 

 tity in name, supposed to possess equal vermifuge powers with Quisqualis Indica, mentioned in the 

 native books : — observed by Blanco. 



* Maiispirmiim {Tinospord) fontifolia of Tropical Hindustan. A woody twining plant called in 

 Sanscrit "amrita" or "guduchi," in Hindustanee "gurcha," in Bengalee "guluncha" (J. F. Wats.), 

 in Tamil " sheendie codie," in Telinga " tippatingay " (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay " goul- 

 wail" (Graham); in which we recognize the "amrita'' or "guduchi" prescribed by Susrutas sutr. 

 25 to chik. 15 : — T. cordifolia was observed by Rheede vii. pi. 21 in Malabar; by Graham, "com- 

 mon everywhere in hedges and jungles " in the en\ irons of Bombay ; by Roxburgh, Ainslie, and 

 Wight, as far as Bengal and Assam, much used medicinally by the natives, and the guluncha extract 

 a well-known specific in the bites of poisonous insects il>iur.). 



Capparis aphylla of Hindustan. An arborescent thorny shrub, with only a few small linear 

 leaves on the younger shoots (Graham) ; and the "karira" having edible flowers according to Sus- 

 rutas sutr. 46, — is referred here by Hessler : C. aphylla was observed by Klphinstone in the midst 

 of the Desert on the route to Cabul ; by Powell, and Stewart, in the Punj'.uib, employed medicinally 

 by the natives and the buds eaten as a potherb, also the fruit both green and ripe, prepared or pickled 

 (Drur.) ; by Law. and Graham, from Guzerat to Broach, and "common in the barren tracts of the 

 Deccan ;" by Wight, perhaps somewhat farther South. 



Guatteria longifolia of Tropical Hindustan ? A tall and very handsome tree called in Sanscrit 

 "daru" or "devadaru" or "pitadaru," in Bengal " devadar " (W. Jones), in Tamil " deva-daru " or 

 "asokh," in Telinga "asoka" or " asoka-chcttu " or "asokam,"in Hindustanee " asog " (J. F. Wats.), 

 in the environs of Bombay "asoca" or " deodar" (Graham) ; and the "devadaru " tree of Susrutas', 

 — and Kalidasa ragh. ii. 36, may be compared : G. longifolia was observed bv Graham "in gardens 

 Bombay and the Deccan, the natives have an idea that it is the male of Jonesia asoca; " by Sonnerat 

 iv. pi. 131, planted by the road sides at Pondicherry ; by W. Jones as. res. iv. 2S8, and Wi°-ht, as far 

 as Bengal. 



Ava-rlwa carambola of the Malayan archipelago. A small tree called in Sanscrit " kurmu- 

 runga," in Bengalee "kumurunga" (J. F. Wats.), in the environs of Bombay " kurmul " (Graham) 

 in Burmah "zoung-ya" (Mason) ; and the "b'havya" of Susrutas sutr. 46, — and H.irbansa 1-6 is 

 referred here by Hessler: A. carambola is planted in gardens according to the Canara inscription 

 (transl. Colebr.) ; is described by Rumphius i. pi. 35 ; was obsen ed by Rheede iii pi 43 in Malabar; 

 by Graham, common "in gardens," its leaves "very sensitive;" by Roxburgh, and WHit cultivated 

 in other parts of Hindustan; by Mason, " exotic " in Burmah but "quite naturalized " the "sour 



