OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 691 



of Dhanvantari"). Susrutas — is mentioned in the Puranas (Wils., and Royle antiq. ind. raed. 63), 

 and a commentary on his writings by Ubhatta of Cashmere " may be as old as the twelfth century " 

 (Ainsl. ii. prasf.). 



fruit" making "a good tart, and there is a variety which bears a sweet fruit ; " by Nieuhoff, in the 

 Malayan archipelago, and called " karembolas." Transported to Europe, is described by Parkinson, 

 and Cavanilles vii. pi. 220. 



Hibiscus cannabinits of the Siamese countries ? An annual erect plant called in Bengalee and 

 Hindustanee "nalkee" (J. F. Wats.), in the environs of Bombay " ambaree " (Graham), in Telinga 

 "gongkura," at Muttra " wilaitee sunn" foreign sun-hemp (Royle); and the " nalica" of Susrutas 

 sutr. 46, — planted in gardens according to the Canara inscription, is referred here by Hessler : H. 

 cannabinus was observed in Hindustan by Royle fibr. ind., only in the cultivated state; by Graham, 

 " commonly cultivated " around Bombay, its leaves eaten " as greens by the natives," and hemp " made 

 of the fibres of the bark ; " by Roxburgh, and Wight, in other parts of the peninsula; and by Mason, 

 in Burmah. Transported to Europe, is described by Miller, Linnaeus, and Cavanilles iii. pi. 52 (Pers., 

 and Steud.). 



Hibiscus toriuosus of Eastern Hindustan. Called in Sanscrit and Bengalee " bala " (Pidd.) ; 

 and the "bala" of Susrutas chik. 15 to kalp. 8, — maybe compared: H. tortuosus is described by 

 Roxburgh, as observed by him in Bengal, and is enumerated by Irvine among the medicinal plants of 

 Patna (J. F. Wats.). 



Pavonia odorata of Southern Hindustan. A shrub called in Sanscrit " bala" (Pidd.), in Tamil 

 "peramootie," in Telinga " mootoo-polagum " (Drur.) ; and the "bala" of Susrutas sar. 10 to chik. 15, 

 ■ — is referred here by Hessler : P. odorata was observed by Roxburgh, and Wight, from the Dindigul 

 hills to Coromandel, an infusion of the root used by the natives as a drink in fevers (Drur.). 



Shorea laccifera of Southern Hindustan. A large Dipterocarpous tree called in Canara " jalin '' 

 or "jalari" (J. F. Wats.), in Telinga '-jallari," in Tamil " talura " (Drur.) ; and the " jalini " of Sus- 

 rutas chik. 2 — may be compared: S. laccifera was observed by Roxburgh, Wight, and Beddome, 

 from Mysore and the Palghaut forests to Wynaad, the timber brought in large quantities to Madras, 

 and very useful for house-building and other purposes : a species of lac is also procured from the 

 tree (Drur.). 



Amoora rohituka of Tropical Hindustan. A small Meliaceous tree called in Sanscrit " rohi- 

 tuka," in Telinga " rohitakah " (J. F. Wats.), in Malabar " chemmarum," in Hindustanee " hurin- 

 hura" or " khana," in Bengalee "tikhta-raj" (Drur.); in which we recognize the " rohitaka " of 

 Susrutas : — A rohituka was observed by Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, from Travancore to Bengal, 

 an oil extracted from the seeds by the natives and used for many economical purposes. 



Leea sambucina of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A shrub with elder-like foliage called in 

 the environs of Bombay " kurkunnie " (Graham), in Telinga "ancadoo" or "ankadosa" (J. F. Wats.), 

 in Bengal " kakajangha " (W. Jones), in Burmah "ka-let" (Mason); and the " kakajang'ha " pre- 

 scribed* by Susrutas chik. 19 to 37, — maybe compared: L. sambucina was observed by Rheede ii. 

 pi. 26 in Malabar ; by Graham, " in the densest parts of the jungle " in the environs of Bombay and 

 on the Ghauts, also by myself ; by Burmann ind. pi. 24, W. Jones as. res. iv. 260, and Wight, as far 

 as Bengal ; by Mason, in Burmah. 



Ailanthus excelsa of Tropical Hindustan. A large pinnate-leaved tree called in Sanscrit " aralu " 

 or "araloo" (Ainsl., and Pidd.), in Tamil " peroomarum," in Telinga "peddamanoo" (Drur.); in 

 which we recognize the " aralu " prescribed by Susrutas sutr. 38 to chik. 17:— A. excelsa was 

 observed by Lush, and Gibson, from Broach "thinly scattered over the Deccan " (Graham); by 

 Roxburgh cor. i. pi. 28, Ainslie, and Wight, as far as the Circars, its bark aromatic and used medi- 

 cinally by the natives, its wood light but not durable, much used for sword-handles and sheaths for 

 spears, also for catamarans (Drur.). 



Putranjiva Roxburghii of Tropical Hindustan. A very elegant tree with dark green foliage, 

 called in Sanscrit "pootrunjiva," in Telinga "putrajiva" or " putra-jivi-chettu " (J. F. Wats.) or 

 '• kuduru-juvee," in Malabar " pongolam " (Drur.); in which we recognize the "putranjiva" or 

 " putranjivaka " prescribed by Susrutas chik. 19: — P. Roxburghii was observed by Rheede vii. pi. 

 59 in Malabar ; by Law, Nimmo, and Graham, in the Concans and environs of Bombay ; by Royle, 

 common along the foot of the Himalayas ; by Roxburgh, Ainslie, Wallich, and Wight, as far as 

 Coromandel, Oude, and Nepaul, its wood used for house-building and agricultural implements, its 

 leaves for fodder, and its fruit made into necklaces by the Bramins (Drur.). 



Celastrus ir.ontamis of Tropical Hindustan. A thorny shrub called in Telinga "danti" or 

 " danti-chettu '' (J. F. Wats.) ; and the "danti" whose root is prescribed by Susrutas su'r. 36 to 

 chik ■> —may be compared : C. montana was observed by Graham "exceedingly common on hills 



