OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 693 



sutr. 36 to chik. 19 : — F. Ramontchi was observed by Graham " in gardens Bombay," its fruit eaten 

 but " by no means good ; " by Roxburgh cor. pi. 69, Wight, and Long, as far as Bengal, its thorns 

 used by the native inoculators to break the pustules of the small pox. Westward, by European 



and Assam, its timber very beautiful and strong, its root employed medicinally and a reputed antidote 

 in snake-bites (Drur.) ; was observed by Mason in Burmah. 



Atomordica myxa of Tropical Hindustan. The "ahinsra" or "kakarta" of Susrutas sutr. 36, — 

 is referred here by Hessler. 



Ophiorhiza i/iungos of Tropical Asia, from Hindustan to Java. A Rubiaceous perennial called 

 in Sanscrit " sarpakshi " (Ell.); in which we recognize the "sarpakshim" of Susrutas kalp. 7: — 

 O. mungos was observed by Roxburgh,' Ainslie, Wallich, Wight, and Elliot, from Travancore to Din- 

 digul and the valleys of Nepal; is used against snake-bites on Ceylon (Drur.); was observed by 

 Kaempfer 573 to 577 as far as Sumatra and Java, called "earth gall" by the Malays, intensely bitter, 

 in taste resembling "gentian, but is more penetrating and less unpleasant" (Lindl). 



Paederia foetida of Tropical Eastern Asia. A climbing shrub called in Sanscrit "prubhudra" 

 or " prusarinee " or " prutanika " or " prutaninee " or " pruvula " (Roxb.), in Hindustanee " gundalee " 

 or "gundha-bhudra," in Bengalee "gundha-badliulee " (J. F. Wats.), in Tagalo "cantotai," in Pam- 

 pango " cantotai " or " dicuta maboloc " or " matabang dicut," in Bisaya " lilitan " (Blanco) ; in which 

 we recognize the "prasarani" of Susrutas chik. 15: — P. foetida is planted in gardens according to 

 the Canara inscription (transl. Colebr.) ; is described by Rumphius v. pi. 160 ; was observed by Nimmo 

 in the Southern Concan (Graham) ; by Burmann ind. 71, Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Bengal, the 

 bruised plant having a fetid smell, and the root employed by the natives as an emetic ; by Mason, 

 indigenous in Burmah ; by Blanco, on the Philippines, universally known to the natives from its vile 

 odour and name. Probably carried to Japan, where it is called "pansa" or "panja and kusa" or 

 "fakubokon," or usually "fekuso kadsura" or " fekuri kadsura " or "feifuri kadsura," and was ob- 

 served by Kaempfer, and Thunberg, at Nagasaki. By European colonists, was carried to the 

 Hawaiian Islands, observed in gardens there by myself; to Northeast America, where it continues 

 in gardens. 



Canthium parviflorum of Southern Hindustan. A thorny Coffeaceous shrub called in Sanscrit 

 "naga-bulla," in Tamil " caray-cheddie," in Canara "kirni" (J. F. Wats.), in the Southern Mahratta 

 country " keernee " (Marshal), in Malabar '' kanden-khara," in Telinga "ballusoo-kura " (Drur.) ; in 

 which we recognize the " nagabala " of Susrutas sutr. 16 to chik. 37 and kalp. 8 : — C. parviflorum was 

 observed by Rheede v. pi. 36 in Malabar; by Graham, " in hedges about Rosa near Ellora caves," 

 and found by Marshal common in the Southern Mahratta country ; by Roxburgh, Ainslie, and Wight, 

 as far as Travancore and Coromandel, employed medicinally by the natives (Drur.). 



Oldenlandia biflora of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A Rubiaceous annual called in Sanscrit 

 "kshetra-purputea" (J. F. Wats.) ; in which we recognize the " kshetraparpati " prescribed by Sus- 

 rutas sutr. 46 to chik. 37: — H. biflora was observed by Rheede x. pi. 35 in Malabar; by Graham, 

 " common " around Bombay ; by Roxburgh, and Wight, in other parts of Hindustan ; by Burmann z. 

 pi. 11, on Ceylon ; by Mason, indigenous in Burmah. 



Hedyotis scnndcns of Eastern Hindustan. Called in Silhet "gujee," in Bengalee " guji " (J. F. 

 Wats.) ; and the "goji " of Susrutas sutr. 8 to chik. 18 — may be compared: H. scandens was observed 

 by Roxburgh, hort. beng. 10, and Piddington 139, in Eastern Hindustan. 



Loranthns longiflorus of Tropical Hindustan. A parasitic mistletoe-like plant called in Sanscrit 

 "vunda" or " vrikshurooka'' or " vrikshubhuksha" or " vrikshadunee " (J. F. Wats.) ; in which we 

 recognize the "vrikshadani " prescribed by Susrutas sutr. 38 to kalp. 8 : — L. longiflorus was observed 

 by Rheede x. pi. 4 in Malabar; by Graham, "common on mango trees" throughout the Concans, 

 "a pretty plant with honeysuckle-looking flowers ; " by Roxburgh cor. pi. 139, and Wight, in other 

 parts of Hindustan. 



Acrides mulliflonim of Tropical Hindustan. Orchideous and with other epiphytes called in 

 Sanscrit "vanda" or "jivantica" or " vricsharura" or " vricshadani," in Bengal " banda " or "per- 

 sara" or "perasara" (W. Jones); and possibly the "vrikshadani " in question : — A. multiflorum was 

 observed by Graham " in the South Concan ; " by W. Jones as. res. iv. 302, and Roxburgh, as far as 

 Bengal, chiefly on " the highest Aegle and mango trees," its flowers •' exquisitely beautiful." 



Diospyros (E/nbryopteris) glutinosa of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A shrub or small tree 

 called in Sanscrit "timbiri" or "tinduka" or "gab," in Cingalese " timberri " (J. F.Wats.), in Telinga 

 "tumika," in Tamil "panichekai toombika," in Bengalee "gab," in Hindustanee " gaub " (Drur.), in 

 the environs of Bombay "timbooree" (Graham) : the " paravata " of Susrutas sutr. 46 to chik. 21 — 

 is referred here by Hessler ; and the " tindouca " is mentioned in Harivansa 96 : D. glutinosa was ob- 

 served by Rheede iii. pi. 41 in Malabar, the pulp around the seeds "much employed by carpenters as 



