694 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



colonists was carried to the Mauritius Islands, where it is called " prunier de Madagascar," and is 

 planted near dwellings. 



Mollugo cerviana o£ Tropical Africa and Hindustan. A small annual called in Sanscrit "par- 



an excellent glue," and being also obnoxious to insects, used by Jews and Portuguese in book-binding 

 (Graham, and Drur.) ; by Graham, "pretty common on the hilly parts of Salsette " near Bombay; by 

 Roxburgh. Ainslie, and Wight, as far as Travancore and Bengal, the fruit eaten by the natives, used 

 also medicinally, the juice for paying the bottom of boats, and the infusion for steeping fishing-nets 

 (Drur.) : was observed by Parish near Maulmain in Burmah (Mason v. 542). 



Wright ia tinctoria of Tropical Hindustan and the Siamese countries. A small Apocynous tree 

 called in Sanscrit " hayamaraka " (Ainsl.), in Tamil " chite-aricaloo " (Drur.), in the environs of Bom- 

 bay " bhoorcooree " or " kala-kooda " (Graham) ; in which we recognize the " hayamaraka " of Susru- 

 tas sutr. 36 to chik. 18 : — W. tinctoria was observed by Buchanan in the jungles South of Bangalore, 

 the leaves according to Graham '■ deciduous in the cold weather ; " by Roxburgh, Ainslie, and Wight, 

 as far as Coromandel, the fresh leaves chewed said to remove toothache, the close-grained wood re- 

 sembling ivory and much used for ornamental and useful purposes (Drur.) ; was observed by Burmann 

 z. pi. 77 on Ceylon ; by Loureiro i. 116, in Anam. 



Monetia barkrioides of Tropical Hindustan ? A thorny furze-like Apocynous shrub called in San- 

 scrit "kundali" (Pidd ) ; and the "kundali" prescribed by Susrutas sutr. 16, — may be compared: 

 M. barlerioides was observed by Law " in abundance about Dharwar Fort " (Graham) ; by Roxburgh, 

 and Ainslie, in other parts of Hindustan. Possibly by European colonists was carried to Austral 

 Africa (see Pers.). Transported to Europe, is described by Seba i. pi. 13, and L'Heritier. (See 

 Clerodendron inerme). 



Opliiox.'lon scrpL-ntinum of Tropical Hindustan and the Siamese countries. An ornamental 

 Apocynous shrub called in Sanscrit "karuvee" or " vasoopooshpa " or "chundruka " or '' chundru- 

 shoora" or "bhudra" or " nundunee '' (J. F. Wats.), in Tamil " chivan-amelpodi," in Telinga "patal- 

 ganni," in Bengalee "chandra," in Hindustanee •' chotachand " (Drur.); in which we recognize the 

 " karavi " or " vishapushpa " prescribed by Susrutas kalp. 8: — O. serpentinum was observed by 

 Rheede vi. pi. 47 in Malabar ; by Lush in " Goa jungles," by Nimmo in " the Concans," and by Graham 

 "in gardens Bombay ;" by W. Jones as. res. iv. 30S, Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Bengal, the root 

 used against the bites of poisonous animals and for other medicinal purposes (Drur.) ; by Burmann z. 

 pi. 64. on CeUon ; by Mason, in Burmah ; and by Blume bydr. 1034. as far as the Malayan archipelago. 



Gymnana sylvestre of Tropical Hindustan. A large twining Apocynous plant (Graham) : the 

 " vishanika " or " mesharingi " prescribed by Susrutas chik. 2 to kalp. 1, — is referred here by Hessler : 

 G. sylvestre was observed by Law on hills in the Southern Mahratta country (Graham) ; by Retz, 

 Roxburgh, and Wight, in other parts of the peninsula. 



Agathotes chirayta of the Eastern Himalayas. The chiretta is a Gentianaceous annual, imported 

 in the dried state and called in Sanscrit '■ chirataka " or •• chirata-tikta " or " kirata-ticta " or •• kai- 

 rata," in Bengalee and Hindustanee " chirata " (J. F.Wats.); in which we recognize the " kirata- 

 tikta" or "kairata" prescribed by Susrutas sutr. 46: — A. chirayta is known to grow in Nepal, is 

 described by Roxburgh, W allien, and Royle, is imported Southward and much used medicinally, being 

 "an excellent tonic bitter" (Lindl.) ; is imported also into Burmah, and was found by Mason v. 494 

 "a common Burman medicine." 



Bipionia (Calosantln-s) ludica of Tropical Hindustan. A tall tree with very large supra- 

 decompound leaves, called in Sanscrit "shyamaka" (Pidd.), in the environs of Bombay " taetoo " 

 (Graham): the " tuntuka " or " katvanga " or " kutannata '' or " g'hantapatali " or "mushkaka" 

 or "suka" or " syonaka " of Susrutas sutr. 33 to chik. 17, — is referred here by Hessler: C. 

 Indica was observed by Rheede i. pi. 43 in Malabir; by Auld in "jungles in Kandeish," and 

 by Graham on "hills throughout the Concans;" by Buchanan, and Roxburgh, in other parts of 

 Hindustan ; by Mason v. 41 1, around native dwellings in Burmah, planted for ornament ; by Loureiro 

 ii. 460, in Anam. 



Tiariiiinm Indiana of Tropical Hindustan. A hairy annual called in Sanscrit " bhooroondee " 

 or "srihastini " (J. F.Wats.), in Tamil " tayl-kodukhoo," in Telinga " tayl-munnie," in Bengalee 

 " hatee-shooro" (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay " hatti soora " or " bhooroondie " (Graham); in 

 which we recognize the "b'hurundi " or "srihastini " prescribed by Susrutas chik. 17 : — T. Indicum 

 was observed by Rheede x. pi. 48 in Malabar ; by Graham, "common" in waste places " during the 

 rains ; " by Roxburgh, Ainslie, and Drury, as far as Travancore and Chittagong, employed medicinally 

 by the natives. By European colonists, was carried to Tropical America, where also it is employed 

 for medicinal purposes (Pluk. aim. pi. 64, Browne jam., Pers., and Martins). 



Solatium Jacquini of Tropical Hindustan. A prickly trailing species called in Sanscrit "kuntu- 



