OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 697 



Sida cordifolia of Tropical climates from the Atlantic to Burmah. Suffruticose, having a San- 

 scrit name (Roxb., and Pidd.), and called in Bengalee "baryala," in Hindustanee "bariala" (Pidd.) : 

 the "atibala" or "vatya" of Susrutas chik. 15 to kalp. 8, — is referred here by Hessler : S. cordifolia 



in " Pareil garden " near Bombay, and " wild " on Parell hill ; by Retz obs. vi. 27, Roxburgh cor. ii. 

 pi. 147, Wallich, and Elliot 114, as far as the Circars, Sylhet, Goalpara. Monghir, Chittagong, and Java 

 (Lindl.) ; by Loureiro ii. 783, in Anam, the leaves and branches full of glutinous matter, the fruit 

 yielding a greasy exudation manufactured into candles of bad quality, and serving as the basis of 

 salves (Pers., and Lindl.). 



Epicarpurus asper of Tropical Hindustan and the Siamese countries. A small Urticoid tree called 

 in Sanscrit " sakotuka " (Pidd.) or " sacotaca," in Bengal " syaura " or " syura " (W. Jones) or 

 "sheora,"in Hindustanee "seeura,"in Telinga "pukkie," in Tamil " peerahi " (Drur.) : the " sak'- 

 hota " yielding oil according to Susrutas chik. 18, — is referred here by Hessler: E. asper was 

 observed by Rheede i. pi. 48 in Malabar; by Graham, "generally throughout the Concans ; " by 

 Retz obs. v. 30, W. Jones, Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, " common all over India," employed medici- 

 nally, a fibre procured from the stem, and the rough leaves used by the natives for polishing ivory ; 

 is termed "streblus aspera " by Loureiro, as observed by him in Anam. 



Artocarpus lakoocha of Eastern Hindustan. A species of bread-fruit called in Sanscrit 

 "lacoocha," in Telinga "lakuchamu " or 'Taku-chamma " (J. F. Wats.), in the environs of Bombay 

 "lowi," in Burmah "myouk-loke" (Mason) ; in which we recognize the "lakucha" of Susrutas sutr. 

 16 to 46, — and Harivansa 126 : A. lakoocha was observed by Nimmo, and Graham, under cultiva- 

 tion only in the environs of Bombay, the leaves " deciduous in the cold weather," and the yellow edible 

 fruit of the " size of a large orange ; " by W. Jones, and Roxburgh, wild in Bengal, the male spadix 

 eaten by the natives in their curries, and the roots used for dyeing yellow (Drur.) ; by Mason, 

 "exotic" in Burmah, occasionally "raised near native" dwellings, and regarded by European resi- 

 dents as "a kind of fig." 



Ficus (Covellid) oppositifolia of Tropical Eastern Asia. A small tree called in the environs of 

 Bombay "kurwut" (Graham), in Tagalo " as-is " or "is-is" or " issio " or " isioisio " (Blanco) : the 

 " p'halgu " or " malapu " or " vayasi " of Susrutas sutr. 46 to chik. 8 — is referred here by Hessler : 

 F. oppositifolia was observed by Graham in the environs of Bombay ; by Roxburgh, Wight, and 

 Drury, on the banks of rivulets as far as Bengal, the fruit having several equidistant ridges, and with 

 the seeds and bark employed medicinally ; by Blanco, on the Philippines, " F. hispida " being regarded 

 as not distinct (Pers., and Steud.). 



Colocasia Indica of the Siamese countries. The " st'hulakanda " whose root is enumerated as 

 esculent by Susrutas sutr. 46, — is referred here by Hessler : C. Indica according to Drury "is culti- 

 vated in Bengal for its esculent stems and small pendulous tubers," one variety having "dark-coloured 

 petioles, but they seldom produce ripe seeds ; " is described by Loureiro, as observed in Anam 

 (Steud.) ; and the "seet-tung" of Burmah is regarded by Mason as perhaps identical. 



Arum (Amorphophaltus) campanulatus of Tropical Hindustan. Called in Sanscrit "kanda" or 

 "kunda" (J. F. Wats.), in Telinga "muncha kunda," in Malabar and Tamil " karuna," in Hindus- 

 tanee "ol" (Drur.), in Burmah "wa'' (Mason) ; in which we recognize the "kanda" having an escu- 

 lent root according to Susrutas sutr. 46, — and the " karuna " compared with laughing by Jayadevas 

 i. 31 : A. campanulatus was observed by Rheede xi. pi. 18 in Malabar; by Gibson, and Graham, 

 cultivated " to a considerable extent about Surat," also in the environs of Bombay, and " its large 

 tuberous roots " eaten by the natives ; by Powell, in the Punjaub ; by Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, 

 as far as Bengal, the flowers small, sessile on the ground, exhaling a carrion-like odour, and appear- 

 ing when there are no leaves, roots very nutritious, and in the crude state employed medicinally ; by 

 Mason, " exotic " in Burmah, very generally cultivated by both Karens and Burmese for its '• much 

 esteemed " root which is "like a yam." The same figures of Rheede and Rumphius are quoted by 

 Graham 1624 for " a very common plant " throughout the Concans, " stemless " with leaves appear- 

 ing "in July," supra-decompound and on long petioles, the scape "at the commencement of the 

 rains, and has a most unpleasant smell." 



Pothos {Scindapsus) officinalis of Eastern Hindustan and Burmah. A rooting epiphytic peren- 

 nial called in Sanscrit " vushira " or " shreyusee " or " kupi-vullee " or " kolu-vullee " or " kuri-pip- 

 pulee " or " guja-pippulee '' (Lindl), in Bengalee " guj-pippul," in Tamil " attie-tippilie," in Malabar 

 "auna tippilie " (Drur.); in which we recognize the "sreyasi" or "kapivalli " or " kolavalli " or "kari- 

 pippali " or "gajapippali " of Susrutas chik. 2 to 15 : — S. officinalis was observed by Roxburgh, and 

 Wicdit from Calicut to Bengal, and at Midnapore cultivated for its fruit, which is cut into transverse 

 pieces, dried, and used medicinally (Drur.); by Mason v. 505, wild in the forests of Burmah. 



Maranta dichotoma of Tropical Eastern Asia and the Malayan archipelago. A Scitamineous 



