700 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Mukia scabrella of Equatorial Africa. A climbing Cucurbitaceous vine called in Burmah " tha- 

 bwot-kha " (Mason) ; and the " gavakshi " prescribed by Susrutas sutr. 36 to kalp. 7, — is referred here 

 by Hessler: M. scabrella was observed by Rheede viii. pi. 13 in Malabar; by Graham, "common 

 about Bombay in the rains," the "fruit size of a pea, smooth;" by Roxburgh, and Wight, in Eastern 

 Hindustan ; and by Mason, in Burmah. Westward, was observed by Grant on the banks of the Nile 

 below Lat. 5 . Transported to Europe, is termed "cucumis maderaspatanus " by Linnaeus (Graham). 



Focniculum panmorium of Northern Hindustan. A species of fennel called in Persian " badian," 

 in Hindustanee "sonf" (Royle), in Arabic "razeeanuj." in Sanscrit "mudhoorika" or "mudoorika," 

 in Bengalee " pan-muhoree " or "panmuhori" (J. F.Wats): the "misi" or "mishi " of Susrutas 

 chik. 3§, — is referred here by Hessler : F. panmorium was observed in Hindustan by Roxburgh ii. 95, 

 Pidding'ton, and Royle him. 229, having fruit " exactly as in F. vulgare and with the same taste," and 

 employed medicinally " as a warm aromatic and carminative " (Lindl.). Westward, the " razianadsh " 

 is mentioned by Ebn Baitar, and other Arab writers. 



Anethum sowa of Northern Hindustan. A species of dill called in Sanscrit "misreya" or 

 "missreya" or "shaleya," in Hindustanee " sowa " (J. F. Wats.) or " suva soyah," in Bengalee 

 "soolpha," in Telinga " sompa," in Tamil " satha-cooppa" (Drur.), in Burmah "sa-myeik" (Mason); 

 in which we recognize the " saleya " of Susrutas sutr. 38 to chik. 17: — A. sowa was observed by 

 Graham p. 248 at Bombay, " extensively used in native cookery and medicine ; " by Roxburgh ii. 96, 

 Ainslie, and Wight, under cultivation in the peninsula as far as Bengal, the seeds sold in every 

 bazaar, forming one of the chief ingredients in curry-powder, yielding besides a valuable oil ; by 

 Mason, "exotic" in Burmah, often cultivated by the natives, and "possessing similar aromatic and 

 carminative properties " with dill. 



Hydrocotyle Asiatica of Tropical Africa and Asia. A species of penny-wort called in Sanscrit 

 "bheka-purni " or " manduka-parni " (Pidd.), in Telinga " babassa," in Tamil "vullarei,'' in Bengalee 

 " thulkuri " (Drur.), in Tagalo " taquip suso " or " taquip cohol " (Blanco) ; in which we recognize the 

 " b'hekaparni " or " mandukaparni " prescribed by Susrutas sutr. 46 : — H. Asiatica was observed by 

 Rheede x. pi. 46 in Malabar; by Graham, "in moist shady places" in the environs of Bombay; by 

 Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, as far as Travancore, the leaves employed medicinally by the natives; 

 by Horsfield, on Java and considered diuretic ; by Loureiro, in Anam (Spreng.) ; by Blanco, on the 

 Philippines and well known to the natives ; by Rumphius v. pi. 169, also in the Malayan archipelago; 

 is known to grow in Australia West and East, and as far as Tasmania and New Zealand (J. D. Hook., 

 and A. Dec). Westward from Hindustan, in Abyssinia (A. Rich.), the Mauritius Islands, Austral 

 Africa (herb. Dec), and as far as Guinea and Senegal (fl. Nigr.). Probably by European colonists, 

 was carried to Rio Janeiro and Chili (Schlecht.). 



]'angucria edulis of Madagascar. A small Coffeaceous tree called on Madagascar " voua-vanga" 

 (Boj.), in Sanscrit "kurahata" or "kurahatuka" or " grunthiphula" or " chhurduna " or "pindee- 

 tuka" or "shulya" or "shulvuka" (J. F. Wats.), in the environs of Bombay "aloo" (Graham) ; in 

 which we recognize the " karahata " or " grant 'hip nala " or "ch'hardana" or "pinditaka" or "salya" 

 or "salyaka" of Susrutas sutr. 36 to chik. 18: — Y. edulis was observed by Gibson, Law, Auld, and 

 Graham, seemingly wild and "very common"- on "the Ghauts and throughout the Concan," the 

 Southern Mahratta country, and Kandesh, its fruit size of an apple "eaten both raw and roasted, 

 but" far from palatable; is known to occur also in China (Rohr., and Steudel). Westward, was 

 observed by Bojer on Madagascar, and was carried to the Mauritius Islands where it has become 

 naturalized. 



Eclipta prostrala of Tropical Africa? A weed called in Egypt " sa'deh " (Del.), in Yemen 

 "tolak " (Forsk.), in Sanscrit "brinraj," in Hindustanee "brinraj" or " bhringraj " (J. F. Wats.) or 

 "brinraj bungrah," in Bengalee " keshooryia," in Tamil " kaiantagarie " or " kursalenkunnie," in 

 Telinga "goontagelinjeroo " (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay "bungrah " or " maaka " (Graham), 

 in Japan "takasabro" or "kavatiso" (Thunb.); in which we recognize the "b'hringa" or "b'hringa- 

 raja" of Susrutas chik. 25 to kalp. 8, — and "bhringaras" of Harivansa 78: E. prostrata was 

 observed by Rheede x. pi. 41 in Malabar ; by Graham, " a common weed " in the environs of Bombay, 

 sometimes eaten by the natives " as a potherb ; " by Roxburgh, Ainslie, and Wight, in other parts of 

 Hindustan, and employed medicinally by the natives (Drur.) ; by Loureiro, in Anam, employed for 

 blackening the hair; by Beechey's Expedition, in China (Hook, and Am.) ; by Thunberg, in South- 

 ern Japan ; is known to occur on the Moluccas and the Ladrone Islands (Endl., and A. Dec.) ; was 

 observed by myself in the Malayan archipelago, and carried by the natives as far as the Feejeean 

 Islands. Westward from Hindustan, was observed by myself on Zanzibar ; by Dre^e, in Austral 

 Africa; by Forskal, in Yemen; by him, and Delile, in Egypt; and by Auclier, in Palestine. By 

 European colonists, as verified by myself, was carried to the Hawaiian Islands ; probably also to 

 Peru and Southern Brazil, seen by myself only in cultivated ground ; and to the West Indies (Pers.). 

 " E. erecta " is regarded by Roxburgh as not distinct. 



