702 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



sometimes employed medicinally (Drur.) ; by McClelland, in Burmah (Mason v. 472). Westward, 

 was received "from Africa" by Moquin and A. Decandolle. 



Celosia cristata of Tropical Eastern Asia. The cock's-comb is called by the Greeks " sathori " 

 (Forsk.), in Sanscrit "deepya,"in Bengalee " deepuk " or "lal-moorga," in Hindustanee "lal-moorga" 

 (J. F. Wats.), in the environs of Bombay " lal-moorga " (Graham), in Burmah " kyet-mouk " (Mason), 

 in Tagalo " palongpalongan " (Blanco); in which we recognize the "dipya" of Susrutas sutr. 29 to 

 chik. 18 : — C. cristata is described by Rumphius v. pi. 84; was observed by Graham " cultivated in 

 gardens" in the environs of Bombay; by Roxburgh, in Eastern Hindustan; by Mason v. 431 to 

 780, indigenous in Burmah, cultivated besides " by the natives," and the " kyet-yet" variety or spe- 

 cies, having a long drooping panicle either red or yellow, a highly " elegant plant when cultivated 

 by the Karens ; " by Blanco, in gardens on the Philippines ; is known to occur in China (Royle him. 

 116) ; was observed by Kaempfer, and Thunberg, attaining superior size and beauty in Japan, and 

 degenerating elsewhere. Westward, from Hindustan, by Forskal, in Yemen, and in gardens at Con- 

 stantinople ; and was cultivated in Europe before the days of Lobel, and Bauhin. By European col- 

 onists, was carried to Northeast America, where it has become a frequent garden flower. 



Alternanthera sessilis of Tropical Asia and Africa. A depressed annual called in Egypt 

 "hamel" (Forsk.) or " hamoul " (Del.), having a Sanscrit name (Pidd.), and called in Malabar 

 "coluppa" (Rheede) : the " pattura " prescribed by Susrutas chik. 19,— is referred here by Hess- 

 ler: A. sessilis was observed by Rheede x. pi. n in Malabar; by Graham, "a common weed" 

 around Bombay ; by Roxburgh, in Eastern Hindustan ; by Burmann z. pi. 4, on Ceylon ; by Mason, 

 in Burmah, enumerated as indigenous. Westward, the " kavar el abid " seen in Yemen by Forskal 

 p. ciii, may be compared : A. sessilis is known to occur as far North as the Caspian (A. Dec.) ; was 

 observed by Hasselquist at Jerusalem; by Forskal p. 2R, and Delile, in Lower Egypt; by Desfon- 

 taines, in Barbary (Steud.) ; and is known to occur in Western Equatorial Africa (Benth. fl. nigr.). 

 By European colonists, was carried to the Mauritius Islands, Brazil, and the West Indies (Pluk. aim. 

 pi. 133, and Moq.). 



Marsilea quadiifolia of Tropical Eastern Asia? A Cryptogamous Oxalis-leaved annual called 

 in Egvpt " qourayeta " (Del.), in Sanscrit " chittoor-dulla " (J. F.Wats.), in Japan " ukingusa " 

 (Thunb.) : the " sunishannaka " of Susrutas sutr. 19 to 46, — is referred here by Hessler : M. quad- 

 rifolii was observed by Graham on the '• margins of tanks " in the environs of Bombay ; by Ainslie 

 252, in other parts of Hindustan ; by Thunberg, frequent in the rice-grounds of Japan ; by myself, 

 on the Feejeean, Taheitian, and Hawaiian Islands, introduced with taro-culture and by Polynesian 

 colonists. Westward from Hindustan, was observed by Delile in rice-grounds and moist situations 

 in Egypt: the "lens palustris altera" sent to Matthioli by Cortusi, and ''lemma'' of Dalechamp 

 1014, are referred here by Sprengel. 



" 1 132 A. D." (palm-leaf ann. Jag., and W. W. Hunter, Stirling giving 1131), Suvarna Kesari 

 succeeded by Chorganga, now king of Orissa and head of the Ganga-Vansa or Gangetic dynasty. 



Harivansa * is enumerated among the " five hundred " authors at the court of Sri Boja — (Langlois 

 introd. p. vii). 



* Ehrctia serrata of Eastern Bengal and Nepaul. A Cordia-like tree called in Bengalee "kala- 

 oja," in Nepaul "nulshima" (Drur.); and from early times, its tough light durable wood used for 

 sword-handles: the "caliyaca" of Harivansa 126 — maybe compared: E. serrata was observed by 

 Roxburgh, and Wallich, from Eastern Bengal to Chittagong, Dheyrah Dhoon, Nepaul, and Bhootan, 

 growing '-both on mountains and in valleys," the flowers emitting "a powerful honey-like smell" 

 (Drur.). 



Jasminum hirsutum of Tropical Hindustan. A climbing shrub called in Bengalee "koondo," in 

 Sanscrit "koonda" or " koondum " (J. F. Wats.) ; in which we recognize the "cunda" of Harivansa 

 137, — teeth compared with its flowers by Jayadeva: J. hirsutum was observed by Nimmo, and Gra- 

 ham, in the "Southern Concan," and besides "in gardens," its flowers "in terminal umbels, large, 

 pure white ; " by Burmann pi. 3, Retz (Pers.), and Roxburgh, as far as Calcutta. 



J'hoenix palndosa of Bengal and Burmah. The marsh dale-palm, slender-stemmed and elegant- 

 looking, is called in Burmah " then-boung" (Mason) : the "hintala"of Harivansa 96 — is referred 

 here by Langlois : P. paludosa was observed by Roxburgh " characteristic of the Sunderbunds " or 

 mouths of the Ganges, the smaller trunks used for walking-sticks, larger ones for rafters, and fronds 

 for thatch (Drur.) ; was observed by Mason, as far as Burmah. 



Barleria buxifolia of Tropical Hindustan. A shrubby spreading plant with large beautiful pink 

 flowers : the " couravaca " rouge of Harivansa 126 — may be compared: B. buxifolia was observed by 

 Rheede ii. pi. 47 in Malabar; by Nimmo, in "the Concans " as far as Bombay; by Buchanan, and 

 Roxburgh, in other parts of Hindustan. 



Barleria ciliata of Tropical Hindustan. Called in Sanscrit "kuruvuka" (Pidd.), and this or 



