704 



CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



roadsides, is mentioned by J. Jacobi de Manliis ; the " cotula fetida," in the Onus Samtatis 81 as one 

 of the two kinds of " butalmos " growing within cities ; the "cotula," by Hermolaus Barbaras, and 

 Matthioli : M. cotula is described by Brunfels i. 225, and Fuchsius 583 (Spreng.); is known to occur 

 in waste places in Italy, Sicily, Barbary, the Canaries, Portugal, and throughout middle and Northern 

 Europe nearly to Lapland (Ten, Boiss., Fries, and A. Dec). Eastward, was observed by Chaubard, 

 in the Peloponnesus ; is known to occur in Abyssinia (A. Rich.), Persia (Dec), around Caucasus and 

 in the neighbouring portion of Siberia (Ledeb.). By European colonists, was carried to Madeira and 

 the Azores (Dec, and Wats. ) ; to Northeast America, where it has become frequent along roadsides ; 

 to Brazil and Buenos Ayres, occurring along the seashore (A. Dec.) ; to the Philippines, where it was 

 found by Blanco hardly known to the natives, but called in Tagalo "higuis manoc," in Ylocano "tin- 

 tatinta;" and to the Loo Choo, and the Bonin Islands (Hook, in Beech, voy. 265). Every part of the 

 plant according to Lindley "is foetid and acrid, blistering the skin when much handled." 



Anthemis arvcnsis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain corn chamo- 

 mile (A. Gray), in Sweden " eckergras " or " balsebro " (Linn.), and probably the plant in question : — 

 termed " chamaemelum inodorum " by C. Bauhin pin. 135, and Tournefort inst. 494, and known to 

 occur in cultivated ground from Sweden throughout Europe (Gaertn. ii. pi. 166, engl. bot. pi. 602, and 

 Pers.) : observed by Linnaeus in Sweden, as far as Scania ; by Sibthorp, D'Urville, and Chaubard, in 

 v cultivated ground from the Peloponnesus to Cyprus. By European colonists, was carried to North- 

 east America, occurring according to A. Gray in "fields, New England and New York, sparingly 

 introduced." 



Bromus sterilis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Greece " agriovromos " 

 (Sibth.), and included among the weeds called in Britain dravick or drake or drawk, in Welsh 

 "drewg," in Breton "draok," in Dutch "dravig," and perhaps the Anglo-Saxon e d r OC of the Epi- 

 nal glossary — (Prior p. 67 to 70) : B. sterilis is termed "gramen avenaceum panicula sparsa locustis 

 majoribus et aristatis " by Tournefort inst. 526; and is known to grow in Barbary and throughout 

 middle and Northern Europe as far as Lapland and Iceland (Pers., and Wats.). Eastward, was 

 observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople. 



Glycerin aquatica of Northern Climates. Called in Cambridgeshire Iced or white Iced (E. Gillet), 

 and the Anglo-Saxon Lid, — described by Camden as a sort of rank hay abounding in fens, is referred 

 here by Cockayne : G. aquatica is described by Mori son viii. pi. 6. f. 25 ; is termed "gramen aquati- 

 cum paniculatum latifolium" by Tournefort inst. 523 ; was observed by Savi in Italy ; and is known 

 to grow throughout middle and Northern Europe as far as Sweden (Pers, Dec, and Wats.). East- 

 ward, was observed by Sibthorp around Constantinople ; is known to grow in the Tauro-Caspian 

 countries (Bieb.), and throughout Siberia (Gmel. ?, and Kunth). Farther East, is known to grow 

 along the Saskatchewan to Lake Winnipeg (Hook.) ; and has been observed by myself in wet marshes 

 from Lat. \(P near St. John to about 42 30' in New England. In the Southern Hemisphere, is known 

 to occur in Australia (Kunth). 



" The same year" (Blair), Lisbon captured from the Muslims by Alphonso earl of Portugal. Who 

 was now proclaimed king. 



" 1 142 A. D (= i8o2d of Synmu," art de verif.), Sintoku succeeded by Konjei, eighth son of 

 To-ba, and now dairo of Japan. 



" 1 143 A. D.'' (Alst), Joannes II. succeeded by his son Emanuel Comnena, fifty-third Byzantine 

 emperor. Verses addressed to the emperor by Theodoras Ptochoprodromus are regarded as the 

 earliest specimen of modern Greek (E. A. Soph.). 



"Sept. 26th" (Nicol.), Innocentius II. succeeded by cardinal Guy de Castro of Tuscany, now 

 Celestinus II, ninth pope. Conradus III. ruling Germany and Italy ; and Louis VII, France. 



" Oct. 1st " (Nicol. ), a synod at Constantinople. Against the monk Niphon : — as also a second 

 synod, on the ensuing "Feb. 22d." 



"1 144 A. D. = 14th year of the ' chao-king ' of Kao-tsoung II, and 4th year of the ' hoang-tsoung' 

 of Hi-lsoung" (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the Sixty-fourth cycle. 



The M.ingarevan or Gambier Islands colonized by Teatumoana, their first king, " twenty-five gen- 

 erations " before — the visit of Maigret (Hale ethnogr. expl. exp. 139). The first settlers are regarded 

 by Hale as Rarotongans ; — shown by examination of the language to this day spoken. The line of 



tag," corresponding to the German "dach" roof, and Anglo-Saxon thkeCe thatch, from seaweed 

 having formerly been used to cover houses — (Prior). 



Porphyra lacinurta of the sea-coast of Northern Europe. One of the seaweeds called in Britain 

 laver, in Anglo-Saxon L \6 f 6 P — (Prior). 



Uivn latissima of Northern Europe. Included under the same names with the preceding sea- 

 weed — (Prior). 



