708 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



" In the Twelfth century " (Pouchet), Adelard of Bath visiting Greece and Egypt. 



"1151 A. D." (Blair), "after twenty-four years labour," the composition of the Canon law by 

 Gratian of Tuscany. 



" 1152 A. D. (= 547 A. H." of Ferisht., Elph.), Behram having put to death his son-in-law, prince 

 of the dependent territory of Ghor, and afterwards a brother of the deceased, Ghazni, now perhaps 

 the greatest city in Asia, was captured and destroyed by a third brother Ala-u-din Ghori : Behram 

 was driven across the Indus, where dying, his son Khusru continued the retreat and established his 

 seat of government permanently at Lahore. 



"In this year" (palm-leaf ann. Jag., and W. W. Hunter, Stirling giving 1151), Chorganga suc- 

 ceeded by Gangeswar, now king of Orissa. His territories are said to have extended from the 

 Ganges to the Godaveri. — He excavated a splendid tank between Pippli and Khurdha. 



'''After September" (Nicol.), a synod at Mellifont in Ireland. The archbishoprics of Armagh, 

 Dublin, Cashel, and Tuam, were appointed. 



" 1 1 53 A. D. (= 54S A. H." of Ferisht., Elph.), after capturing and reinstating Ala-u-din Ghori, 

 the Sel^uks under Sanjar overwhelmed by the Uses, a hitherto unknown tribe of Tartars. 



"July 9th" (Nicol.), Eugenius III. succeeded by Conrad cardinal-bishop of Sabino, now Ana- 

 stasius IV., twelfth pope. Fredericus Barbarossa ruling Germany and Italy ; and Malcolm IV., 

 Scotland. 



"In this year, in the time of Fred. Barbarossa" (Galvan.), arrival at Lubec of a small barge 

 propelled by oars containing strangers whose language the Germans could not understand, nor could 

 they ascertain from what country — (probably aboriginal North Americans). 



"The same year" (Lubke and Lutrow), the Baptistery at Pisa built by Diotisalvi. 



" 1154, Jan. (== 548 A. H. chewal," Jaubert), the geographical work of Edrisi completed. 



Ficus salicifolia of Tropical Arabia. Called in Yemen "thaab" (Forsk.) ; the " talhat el-melik" 

 tree marking the boundary between Mecca and Yemen, and described by Edrisi ii. 5 as resembling 

 the willow but larger, — may be compared: F. salicifolia was observed by Forskal p. 179 frequent 

 among the mountains of Yemen, a very large tree with pendent branches, its bark furnishing igniting- 

 cords for matchlock muskets. 



Cynosurus ? dums of Syria and Egypt. A grass called in Nubia " anbarfeh," in Egypt " halfeh " 

 (Del.), and the " halfa " growing according to Edrisi v. 7 on mountains on the East side of the Cas- 

 pian, collected and sold by the inhabitants and their principal resource, — may be compared : the 

 " halfa " is also mentioned by Ebn Baitar • C. durus is known to grow in Palestine (Linn. fl. pal.) ; 

 was observed by Forskal as far as Ghomfude in Arabia; by Lippi, Forskal p. 21, and Delile, in 

 Egypt, used to heat ovens and made besides into coarse cordage ; by myself, frequent throughout on 

 the river-flat, especially towards its margin. Eastward from the Caspian, is said to grow in Hindus- 

 tan (Roxb. i. p. 333, and Graham). 



" In this year = ioth year of the seventy-sixth dairo Konjei " (Kaempf. ii. 5), birth of Joritomo 

 at the court of Japan. The dragon at this time infesting the palace, — in the accounts of Japanese 

 historians (art de verif.), seems an allusion to internal dissensions and the change in form of govern- 

 ment eventually effected by Joritomo. 



"During Lent" (Nicol.), a synod in London. "The ancient customs contained in the charter 

 of king Edward, and the privileges of the clergy " were revived. 



Beginning of " the party names of Guelfs and Gibbelines " (Blair) : the Guelfs siding with the 

 pope; and the Gibbelines, with the German emperor (Alst. p. 1S4). 



"Dec. 3d" (Alst, and Nicol.), Anastasius IV. succeeded by cardinal Nicolas Breakspeare, now 

 Hadrianus IV., thirteenth pope: the only Englishman ever placed at the head of the Catholic church. 



"1155 A. D." (Alst. p. 393), Ireland ceded by the English pope Hadrianus TV. to Henry II. of 

 England . on condition, That tithes should be exacted annually, and the ecclesiastical rights main- 

 tained intact. 



"The same year" (art de verif.), Dhafer succeeded by Fayez of the Fatimite dynasty, tenth 

 sultan of Egypt. 



Herberts aiistata of the mountains of Hindustan. Called in Arabic " aarghees " (J. F. Wats, 

 index) ; in which we recognize the '• aargis " of Gafeki, — and Ebn Baitar • B. aristata is mentioned 

 in the Ulfaz Udwiyeh 1, and by Birdwood cat. bomb. 5. 



Geranium nodosum of Europe and Northern Asia as far as Cashmere. Called at Lahore "ibrat- 

 ut-rai " (Honigb. 393. and J. F. Wats, index), in which we recognize the " ibrat alrai " of Gafeki, — and 

 Ebn Baitar. G. nodosum was observed by Sibthorp on the mountains of the Peloponnesus : and 

 farther West, is described by Tournefort inst. 267 ; and is known to grow in Southern France, 

 and even in England (Cav. iv. pi. 88, Pers., and Engl. bot. pi. 1091). 



" 1 1 56 A. D. (= 551 A. H." of Ferisht., Elph.), Ala-u-din Ghori succeeded by his son Seif-u-din 

 Ghori, now sultan of Ghor and Ghazni. 



