OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 709 



"In this year'' (ann. Jap., and art de verif.), Konjei succeeded by Go-sijrakawa, fourth son of 

 To-ba, and now seventy-seventh dairo of Japan. In the first year of his reign, a revolt. 



" In or about this year" (Garc. de la Vega), Mayta Capac succeeded by his son Capac Yupanqui, 

 fifth inca of Peru. — He built a floating bridge across the outlet of Lake Titicaca, vine-bridges across 

 rivers, also roads, extensive canals of irrigation, and extended the empire Northward, beyond its limit 

 of "seven leagues " from Cuzco. He commenced the fortress of Sacsahuaman near Cuzco (Salcam. 

 edit. Markh. 88). 



Galipea officinalis of the Upper Oronoko. A Xanthoxyloid tree called there " orayuri " (Lindl.), 

 its bark from early times bruised and employed to intoxicate fishes ;* — being canny or true atigos- 

 Hira bark, one of the most valuable febrifuges known: observed by Hancock (med. bot. trans. 1829 

 pi. 2) on the higher lands "of Carony between 7° and 8° N.," well known also in "the Southern and 

 back missions of the Orinoko." 



" 1 157, Jan. 26th" (Nicol.), a synod at Constantinople. "On the celebration of divine service.'' 

 "In this year (=552 A. H." of Ferisht, Elph.), Seif-u-din Ghori succeeded by Gheias-u-din 

 Ghori, now sultan of Ghor and Ghazni. He associated his brother Shahab-u-din in the government, 

 and left to him the chief conduct of military operations. 



1 159 A. D. = " 1084 an. jav." (Madura trad., Nata Kasum., and Raffles x.), Muda Sari succeeded 

 by his son Raden Pankas, now king of Java. Who removed the seat of government to Pajajaran. — 

 The site of Pajajaran, marked by a heap of stones, and lines of fortification, continues to be pointed 

 out. 



"In this year" (ann. Jap., and art de verif.), the revolt and civil war continuing, abdication of 

 Go-sijrakawa or Go-ziro-kawa, who retired among the bonzes or priests. He was succeeded by his 

 eldest son Nidsioo, now at the age of sixteen years dairo of Japan. 



"Sept. 7th" (Nicol.), Hadrianus IV. succeeded by cardinal Roland, now Alexander III., four- 

 teenth pope. 



" 1 160 A. D." (Elph.), Khusru succeeded by his son Khusru Malik, now second sultan of Lahore, 

 — and as it proved the last. 



" In this year" (Nicol.), in a synod at Oxford, thirty heretics condemned. 



"The same year" (Alst), at Lyons in France, the Waldenses, an association for moral and 

 religious reform, commenced by Waldus. 



"The same year" (Crawfurd vii. 11), the city of Singhapura founded by a Malay colony under 

 Sri Turi Buwana, from the original country of that people by the way of Palembang in Sumatra. 

 (According to Malay annals, by Sang Nila Utama son of Sang Sapurba chief of Menangkabau, 

 Raffles x.). 



" The same year " (art de verif.), Fayez succeeded by Adhed, of the Fatimite dynasty, eleventh 

 sultan of Egypt. 



" In this year" (Clavig. i. 112, Holmes suppl., see also Humb. iii), commencement of the Aztec 

 migration : the Aztecs leaving Aztlan on their way South, — removing during several years from place 

 to place towards Mexico. 



Cucurbita maxima of Tropical or Subtropical America. The pumpkin called in Brazilian " juru- 

 mu" (Marcgr. 44), in Carib "jujuru" or "babora" (Desc), and cultivated from early times: \ — 



* Galipea cusparia of Eastern Equatorial America. An evergreen forest-tree sixty to eighty feet 



high, and erroneously supposed to yield angostura bark : observed by Humboldt ii. pi. 57 and termed 



"cusparia febrifuga ; " observed also by A. Saint-Hilaire (Dec. prodr. i. 731, and Lindl.). 



Galipea? sp. of Columbia. A tree furnishing malambo bark, aromatic — " with very active bitter 

 astringent and febrifugal properties" (Lindl.) : supposed by Bonpland to be furnished by some tree 

 allied to Galipea; and described by Wm. Hamilton (med. bot. trans. 1S34). 



Aydendron laurel of Venezuela. A Lauroid tree with olive-like fruit, and aromatic seeds — 

 erroneously supposed to be pichurim beans : observed by Humboldt and Bonpland ii. 126 in marshy 

 grounds by Calabozo (Lindl.). 



\ Ambrosia artemisifolia of Northeast America. A weed called in Carib " atyonaragle " (Desc), 

 and known from early times : — observed by Descourtilz in the West Indies ; by Baldwin in Florida 

 in Lat. 31 , in "cultivated ground everywhere" according to Chapman; by Michaux, among the 

 Alleghany mountains of Carolina ; by Nuttall, in Arkansas. Probably accompanied the native tribes 

 beyond its natural limits, for it now occurs abundantly in cultivated ground as far as Lat. 45° 



Aviaranthns spinosus of the West Indies and neighbouring portion of North America. An herb 

 called in Carib "coety " (Desc), and known from early times : — termed by Sloane in 1707 "blitum 

 americanum spinosum," and described as occurring along roadsides in the West Indies, and abound- 

 ing in Mexico and Louisiana ; observed also in the West Indies by Descourtilz ; by Chapman, in 



