OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 711 



"May 19th" (Nicol.), a synod at Tours. "Against the Manichaaans or Albigenses, and on dis- 

 cipline." Monks were forbidden to read writings on physical science (Humb. cosm. ii.). 



"After six or seven years" (G. de la Vega iii. 18), the Inca Capac Yupanqui sending an army 

 Northward, under his son Rocca, and "eighteen leagues from Cuzco" they reached the valley of 

 Amancay.* 



" 1 164, Jan. 25th" (Nicol.), a synod and "assembly of all the realm" at Clarendon. The arch- 

 bishop of Canterbury with the other bishops " promised to observe the royal customs, but subsequently 

 declined to subscribe to them." King Henry II. in consequence, delivered over the priests accused 

 of theft, homicide, and other crimes, to the secular power. 



"The same year (= 1220 samvat," Colebrooke as. res. vii. p. 175), date of an inscription by raja 

 Vigraha on the column projecting above a stone building at Delhi, Lacshana Pala, a Rajaputra, being 

 prime minister. 



The Sanscrit poet Jayadevas, born according to his own account at Cenduli, about this time writ- 

 ing f (see Lassen proleg. p. v) ; he mentions as cotemporary poets Umapatidharas, Caranas, Govard- 

 hana, and Dhoyin : and was earlier — than Kalidasa according to the Hindus (W. Jones). 



" In or about this year " (T. Wright early trav. Palest.), arrival in Bagdad of Benjamin de Tudela ; 

 the first traveller from Western Europe known to have penetrated beyond Palestine and Syria. He 

 found in Bagdad extensive buildings and " medical warehouses " for the care of the sick poor, also a 

 hospital for the insane ; and obtained information respecting Tartary, Thibet, Hindustan, Ceylon, and 

 the passage by sea to China. Returning Westward, he found independent Jews at Aden, possessing 

 " cities and fortresses on the summits of the mountains " (the walls so conspicuous there at the present 

 day), and making incursions into " Maatum also called Nubia." — Continuing up the Red Sea,- he 

 reached Assuan on the Nile, and after an absence of three or four years descended the river. Next 

 proceeding to Constantinople, he describes the Greeks as luxurious and unwarlike, hiring " soldiers of 

 all nations whom they call ' barbarians ' for the purpose of carrying on their wars with the sultan of 

 the Thogarmin, who are called Turks." He further states, that the Slavonians and Russians " sell 

 their children to all nations." 



" 1 165 A. D. (= the year 'yei'-man ' of the dairo Ni-sio,'' San-kokf transl. Klapr.), under investi- 

 ture from China, the Second or Tsiou-san dynasty ruling the Loo Choo Islands, arrival there of Tame- 

 tomo from Japan. He married the younger sister of the an-zi of Dai-ri (Ta-li) or king ; — and after 

 the birth of his son Soun-ten-o "in 1167," returned to Japan ; where he was followed by his wife and 

 child. 



" 1 166 A. D." (Nicol.), a synod in London. An appeal was made to the pope by the bishops of 

 England, " Against the legation and the sentences of the archbishop of Canterbury, then a refugee in 

 France." 



-'April nth" (Nicol.), a synod at Constantinople. "Concerning marriage.'' 

 "The same year" (ann. Jap., and art de verif.), Nidsioo or Ni-sio succeeded by his son Roku- 

 dsioo, now seventy-ninth dairo of Japan. 



One hundred and sixty-fourth generation. Sept. rst, 1167, onward mostly beyond youth: the 

 Jewish writers, Joseph Kimchi, Maimonides, and Petachja : the Arab writer Ebn Alwam : the Greek 

 writers, Eustathius of Thessalonica d. after 1200, Neophytus d. after 1190, Xiphilinus d. 1199, Joel d. 

 after 1200 : Theorianus, Hugo Etherianus, Arnoldus Carnotensis, Joachimus : the scholastic theologian 

 Petrus Comestor: the Icelandic poet and historian Saemund. 



"The same year" (Alst.), " ■Indulgences' 1 '' remitting sin, mentioned as "pias fraudes " by Petrus 

 Cantor of France. (The beginning of the contest between the Bible and a visible church). 



* Ismene amancaes of Western Peru. The amancaes lily ; from its abundance giving its name 

 to the valley in question, — and fully described by G. de la Vega iv. 15 : I. amancaes was observed by 

 myself in a well-known ravine near Lima. 



f Gualteria Corinti of Tropical Hindustan. A climbing shrub allied to the species called in the 

 environs of Bombay " asoca " (Graham), and W. Jones as. res. iv. 275 was informed "that one species 

 of the asoca is a creeper;" the voluble "asoca" of Jayadevas, — maybe compared: G. Corinti was 

 observed by Rheede v. pi. 14 in Malabar ; by Nimmo, and Graham, in "the hilly parts of the Con- 

 cans ; " by Wight, in other parts of the peninsula. 



Dalberria scandens of Tropical Hindustan. A beautiful scandent shrub (Graham) ; and the bower 

 of bloomy and elegant " vanjula" plants interweaving their branches, described by Jayadevas, — may 

 be compared (the "vanjula" of Susrutas chik. 19 to Kalp. 7 being referred by Hester to an allied 

 species): D. scandens was observed by Rheede vi. pi. 22 in Malabar; by Graham, having "long 

 drooping racemes of light rose-coloured flowers " and "well adapted for covering trellises," common 

 " throughout the jungly tracts of the Concan," and according to Gibson "in the Mawul districts ; " by 

 Roxburgh cor. pi. 19, and Wight, as far as Coromandel. 



