;i2 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



" 1168 A. D." (Munk, and Marcel), an army of crusaders, brought from Palestine into Egypt to 

 repel a Syrian invasion, assuming the offensive captured Bilbeis (Bubastis) and advanced as far as 

 Cairo ; but were finally compelled to retire. 



Coccuhis cebatha of Tropical Arabia. A woody vine called in Yemen "kebath," in which we 

 recognize the " kabath " of Ebn Alawan landwirths., — and Ebn Baitar: C. cebatha was observed by 

 Forskal p. 171 among the mountains of Yemen, the ripe berries acrid but edible, and a spirituous 

 liquor procured from them. 



"1169 A. D." (Caradoc of Llancarvan, and Major 2d edit. Columb. p. xxi), death of Owen 

 Gwynedd, prince of North Wales. Contention arising among his numerous sons, one of them named 

 Madawe or Madoc sailed with a small fleet "westward, and leaving Iceland on the north, came at 

 length to an unknown country where everything appeared new and uncommon and the manner of the 

 natives different from all that he had ever seen : " the fertility and beauty of the country inviting set- 

 tlement, he left behind most of his men; and returning "to Wales, persuaded "a considerable number" 

 of his countrymen to accompany him, and " with ten ships " bade " a final adieu to his native soil." — 

 The event is alluded to by Meredyth ab Rhys, a Welsh bard who died "in 1477." 



" In this year " (art de verif.). Roku-dsioo, succeeded by Takakura, third son of Go-sijrakawa, and 

 now at the age of " nine " dairo of Japan. 



" 1 170 A. D." (Nicol.). a synod at Constantinople. The propositions of the emperor Emanuel 

 Comnena for the union of the two churches, were rejected 



" In this year" (= 1 192 — 142 -)- " 120th yr." of hist. Prithw., and Wilford as. res. ix. p. 171), 

 adoption or accession of Prithwi-raja or Pithaura as king of Delhi, uniting the Tomara and Chauhana 

 families. According to some authorities, he was a son of Vigraha-Deva (H. H. Wils. ind. dram. ii. 

 p. 154). 



The Sanscrit poet Kalidasa,* " eighth gem in the council of king Vicrama " (Navaratna, and 



* Elczocarpus oblongus of Tropical Hindustan. A very beautiful tree when in full bloom called 

 in the environs of Bombay " khas " or " kassow " (Graham) ; and the " namerui " tree of Kalidasa 

 kum. i. 56 to iii. 45, its flowers and leaves gathered and worn, — is referred here by Stenzler : E. 

 oblongus was observed by Rheede iv. pi. 24 in Malabar; by Graham, at Mahableshwur and in the 

 vale of the Yena, its petals fringed and foliage "frequently tinged with red ; " by Wight pi. 46, in 

 other parts of the peninsula. 



Cah'saccion Lmgifolium of Western Hindustan. A large Clusioid tree called in Canara 

 "taringee" or " woondee " (Bed.), in the environs of Bombay "suringee" or "gordeoondy" (Gra- 

 ham), or the female " poonag " (Bed., and Grab. mi) ; and possibly the " punnaga " trees the bees 

 abandoning in Kalidasa ragh. iv. 57 : — C. longifolium was observed by Graham " on the Ghauts and 

 throughout the Concans," its flowers " collected and exported to Bengal for dveing silk ; " by Wight 

 pi. 1999, Cleghorn, and Drury, as far as Mysore, its flowers emitting a fragrance not unlike that of 

 violets and used as a perfume, its fruit delicious to the taste. (See Rottlera tinctoria). 



Alatrites laccifera of Southern Hindustan and Ceylon. Called in Sanscrit " laksha " (Ainsl.) ; 

 and the "lacsha" of Kalidasa sacont, its juice staining her feet exquisitely red, — may be com- 

 pared : A. laccifera was nbsened by Burmann pi. 91 on Ceylon ; and it or its product is mentioned 

 by Ainslie 23 (J. F. Wats.). 



Jxora parviflora of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. The torch tree is small and erect, called 

 in the environs of Bombay "whom" or " gooavee-luckree " or "raicoorah" (Graham); and the 

 slender " karnikara " of Kalidasa vikram. iii. 2, spreading its brilliant blossoms around the skirts of 

 the mountain, and elsewhere termed a flame of the woods — (W. Jones as. res. iv. 251), may be com- 

 pared : I. parviflora was observed by Graham " common on the Ghauts " and " in the jungles about 

 Nagpore, the dak runners make torches of it ; " by Roxburgh, and Wight, in other parts of Hindus- 

 tan; and by Mason, in Burmah. 



Aganosma Roxburghii of Tropical Hindustan. Aver)' ornamental climbing Apocynous shrub 

 called in Sanscrit " malati " (Ell.); in which we recognize the fresh blossom of the "malati"of 

 Kalidasa sacont. : — A. Roxburgh was observed by Rheede vii. 55 to ix. 14 in Malabar; by Graham, 

 only in "gardens" in the environs of Bombay; by Roxburgh ii. 11, in Eastern Hindustan. 



Convolvulus (Argyreia) speciosa of Tropical Hindustan. The elephant creeper is a twining 

 plant called in Sanscrit " samutra-putrum " (Ainsl.), in Tamil " samutra-pallum " or " samudra-chedi " 

 (J. F. Wats.) or " shamuddirap-pachchai " or " kadal-palai," in Telinga " samudra-pala " or " chandra- 

 poda" or "kokkita,"in Hindustanee "samundar" (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay " samudra 

 shoka " or " googulee " (Graham) ; and the " vratati " of Kalidasa sacont., its twining stems entang- 

 ling elephants, — may be compared : A. speciosa was observed by Rheede xi. pi. 61 in Malabar ; by 

 Graham, "common" in the environs of Bombay and "at the bottom of hills in the Deccan," the 



