OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 715 



(Schomb. edit. Ralegh) : the word " igname " was heard by Vespucci on the coast of Paria, and was 

 found by Cabral in 1500 applied in Brazil to a root from which bread was made (A. Dec.) ; very large 

 white-rooted yarns are imported from the West Indies, belonging to a species I have not seen grow- 

 ing. By European colonists, D. sativa was carried to the Malayan Archipelago, "injames" of the 

 Portuguese after the Brazilians, called " byra" by the Javanese and Malayans, and •' siatsini " by the 

 Chinese, a root on which thirty persons may dine but the taste not near so good as potatoes, were 

 seen in Java by Nieuhoff ; the 'cassab el darrir " figured by Alpinus as cultivated in Egypt, may 

 also be compared. " D. Cliffortiana '' regarded as a distinct species, was observed by Haenke wild 

 in Peru, by Martius wild in Brazil, and is not with certainty known to be cultivated. 



"1179, March 5th to 19th" (Nicol.), Eleventh general ecclesiastical Council. Convened at the 

 Lateran in Rome ; "two hundred and eighty" bishops being present. Among other acts, Petrus was 

 sent as legate into France, to inquire into and suppress the " heresy of the Waldenses or Albigenses " 

 (Alst.). 



The local princes of Japan now nearly independent, defeated by Joritomo, to whom the military 

 authority had been delegated by Takakura. Joritomo now assumed the title of " cubo " (correspond- 

 ing to "maire du palais " under the early French kings, or "sultan" under the califs, art de verif.). 



"1180 A. D." (Alst.), Emanuel succeeded by Alexius II. Comnena, fifty-fourth Byzantine 

 emperor. 



"June 24th to Oct. 18th" (Nicol.), a synod at Tarragona. The use of the Christian era was sub- 

 stituted for the " Era of Spain." 



" 1 181 A. D." (ann. Jap., and art de verif.), Takakura succeeded by his eldest son Antoku, now 

 eighty-first dairo of Japan. • 



"Sept. 1st" (Alst., and Nicol.), Alexander III. succeeded by cardinal Ubaldo Allocingoli, now 

 Lucius III., fifteenth pope. Philip II. ruling France; and William, Scotland. 



" In or about this year" (Blair), compilation of a Digest of the Laws of England, by Ranulph de 

 Glanville. 



"The same year (= 1103 Salivahan.," Colebrooke as. res. ix. p. 431), latest date in an inscription 

 chiefly in the Old Canara language — found among the ruins of Curogode in Southern Hindustan. 



" 1182 A. D."(Alst.), Alexius II. succeeded by his son Andronicus, fifty-fifth Byzantine emperor. 



" 1184 A. D." (Blair), massacre of all the Latins in Constantinople. Arranged by the emperor 

 Andronicus. 



" In this year (= 1844th of Synmu," art de verif.), abdication of Antoku in favour of his fourth 

 brother Toba II. or Go-Toba, now dairo of Japan. 



" 1 185 A. D." (Alst.), Andronicus succeeded by Isaacus II. Angel Comnena, fifty-sixth Byzantine 

 emperor. 



"Nov. 25th" (Nicol.), Lucius III. succeeded by cardinal Hubert Crivelli, now Urbanus III., 

 sixteenth pope. Urbanus III-, "dated his pontificate from the day of his election." 



by De Morga, and C. odorata according to Blanco is employed for canoes, and is called in Tagalo 

 and Pampango "calantas," and in Bisaya "lanigpa" or " lanigda ; " and Eastward across the Atlan- 

 tic to Senegal, where too it is employed for canoes (Desc). 



Euterpe sp ? of Guayana. The " manica " or " manicole " palms, furnishing the laths of the 

 dwellings of the Waraus — (Schomb.). 



Manicaria saccharifera of Guayana. The " trouli " palm, furnishing the thatch of the dwell- 

 ings of the Waraus — (Schomb.) : the palm described also by Jacquin (Steud.). And from trans- 

 ported specimens, by Gaertner ii. pi. 176. 



Carapa Guayanensis of Guayana. Oil of the " carapa " nut employed by the Warau women to 

 anoint their hair — (Schomb. edit. Ralegh) : the tree observed also in Guayana by Aublet ii. pi. 387. 



Bignonia chica of Guayana. Affording with some other species the " chico " or " caraweru " 

 pigment employed among the Waraus — (Schomb.) : observed also in this portion of South America 

 by Humboldt and Bonpland (Steud.). 



Strychnos toxifera of Eastern Equatorial America. A climbing plant, the juice furnishing the 

 basis of the celebrated " vvoorari " poison employed by the Waraus to envenom their arrows — 

 (Schomburgk). The bark applied externally is regarded by Hancock med. gaz. xx. 281 as a good 

 remedy for foul ulcers (Lindl.). 



Arundinaria Sclwmburgkii of Eastern Equatorial America. The arrows blown through a 

 " cur.ita" or internode of this reed, — and Schomburgk in travelling along the Paracaima mountains 

 witnessed the effect of the poison ; so nearly instantaneous, that a deer at the top of its speed was 

 scarcely able to " run forty yards." A. Schomburgkii is described as fifty to sixty feet high, the 

 weight of its numerous branchlets causing the upper part to droop and form an arch (geogr. plant, 

 lond. tract soc). 



