716 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



"The same year" (Alst), end of the chronicle of Gothofridus Viterbiensis. 



" 11S6 A. D. (= 582 A. H." of Ferisht., Elph.), after years of hostilities, Shahab-u-din partly by 

 stratagem captured Khusru Malik, and obtained possession of Lahore. 



" Sept. 14th" (Blair), Great conjunction of the sun, moon, and all the planets in Libra. 



"1187 A. D." (Klapr. note to San-kokf), Soun-teno having returned to the Loo Choo Islands, 

 now at the age of " twenty-two " made king ; the first of the Tame-tomo dynasty. He introduced the 

 " i-ro-fa " or Japanese alphabet. 



" In this year" (Marco Polo 65), revolt of the Tartars against their legitimate ruler Unecan or 

 Ung-kan ; and Jenghiz elected khan. 



"The same year" (Munk, and Marcel), the crusaders driven from Jerusalem and Palestine into a 

 few fortified posts along the coast:— which were held by them many years. 



"Oct. 20th" (Nicol.), Urbanus III. succeeded by cardinal Albert di Morra or Gregorius VIII. ; 

 and " Dec. 19th," by cardinal Paul Scolaro or Clemens III., eighteenth pope. Clemens III. "added 

 the year of his pontificate to the dates of the place and day in his common Bulls ; which practice was 

 adopted by nearly all his successors." 



The same year ("45th year of Manuel Comnena," editor), Gregorius Degha being Armenian 

 patriarch, end of the chronicle of Samuel of Ania. 



"11SS A. D." (Blair), Third crusade. — King Richard of England and Philip II. of France, 

 departing in the following year with the crusaders. 



" 1 189 A. D. (= 5th \e;ir of the nengo boun-zi," Klapr. transl. San-kokf p. 221), Yosi-tsoune 

 defeated by his brother Yori-tomo seeking refuge among the Ainos ; where he married a chief's 

 daughter, received the name of Oki-go.urou, and built a castle in the Eastern part of Yeso. — Remains 

 of this edifice were visible in the days of the narrator, and the memory of Yosi-tsoune continued to be 

 venerated by the Ainos, his history being celebrated in songs in their theatrical representations or 

 pantomimic dances. 



" 1 190 A. D. = 'tchao-hi,' 1st year of Kouang-tsoung of the Soung, and 1st year of the ' ming- 

 tchang' of Tchang-tsoung of the Kin" — (Chinese chron. table). 



" The same year " (Alst.), founding of a third military monastic Order ; the " Teutonic knights." 



"The same year" (rudim. chron. Lond.), rise of heraldry. 



"1191, March 30th" (Alst, and Nicol.), Clemens III. succeeded by cardinal Hyacinth Bubona, 

 now Celestinus III., nineteenth pope : and the first one who granted " absolution ad cautelam." Hen- 

 ricus VI. ruling Germany and Italy. 



" In this year (= 587 A. H." of Ferisht., Elph.), Shahab-u-din totally defeated on the great plain 

 beyond Tanesar by Prithwi, Hindu king of Delhi and Ajmir. Leaving the wreck of his army at Lahore, 

 he retired across the Indus. 



" Towards the end of the Twelfth century '' (Lubke and Lutrow), the new cathedral at Strasburg 

 commenced. — The spire, "four hundred and ninety-one feet" his;h, was completed "in 1430." 



" 1 193 A. D. (= 589 A. H." of Ferisht., Elph., Bentley giving •■ 5S8 A. H." = 1192), Shahab-u- 

 din with a new army entering Hindustan defeated Prithwi, put him to death on the battle-field, and 

 obtained possession of Delhi and Ajmir. The biography of Prithwi or Pithaura is included in a his- 

 tory of Rajputana by Chand, a Hindee or Hindustanee poet who had resided at his court (G. de Tassy 

 pref. and p. 138). 



Kutb-u-din Eibak, left behind as the representative of Shahab-u-din, commenced near Delhi the 

 Kutab Minar, a round tower — " two hundred and sixty-five feet high " (Lubke and Lutrow). 



"In this year "(art de verif.), Saladin succeeded by Melek-Aziz Othman, second Ayoubite sultan 

 of Egypt. A copper coin issued by Melek-Aziz Othman, is figured in Marcel p. 146. 



" 1 194 A. D. (= 591 A. H." of Ferisht., Elph), returning to Hindustan and Delhi, Shahab-u- 

 din defeated the Hindu king Jeia Chandra farther clown the Jamna, and obtained possession of Canouj 

 and Benares. The greater part of the Rahtor clan abandoning Canouj founded a principality at 

 Marwar, — now in alliance with the British government. 



The roof of Peterborough cathedral, "of the date of about 1194" (hist, viol.), contains as far as 

 known the earliest representation of the violin, the only musical "instrument that, like the human 

 voice, possesses the power of perfect intonation." Bows, perhaps a British invention, had been pre- 

 viously applied to other instruments for two or three centuries. — " Fiddlers " are said to be mentioned 

 by old English poets prior to Chaucer. But the Cremona manufacturers, whose violins have never 

 been equalled, were of the " Sixteenth " century. 



" 1 195 A. D. = ' tsing-youan,' 1st year of Ning-tsoung, of the Soung" or Twenty-first dynasty — 

 (Chinese chron. table). 



The same year (= " 12th year of Toba II.," art de verif.), Joritomo after new victories visiting 

 Toba II. at Meaco, was confirmed by him in the title of " cubo " or general in chief. — The title became 

 hereditary. 



