718 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



" 1198, Jan. 8th or 9th" (Alst., and Nicol.), Celestinus III. succeeded by cardinal Lothaire de' 

 Conti di Segni, now Innocentius III., twentieth pope. The writings of Innocentius III. are vol- 

 uminous. 



" Towards the close of the twelfth century" (Way pref. pr. pm.), Uguitio or Hugo of Pisa hold- 

 ing the office of bishop of Ferrara. — He died "about 1212" (Ughelli). His dictionary is quoted by 

 Galfridus pr. pm. 



Thymus vulgaris of the Mediterranean and Tauro-Caspian countries. Called in Britain thyme 

 or garden thyme, in France " thym" (Nugent), in which we recognize the timu m or 1 1 m k of 

 Uguitio — and the C. F. vocabulary, identified by Galfridus pr. pm. with the " tyme herbe : " T. vul- 

 garis is described by Brunfels, Tragus, Fuchsius (Spreng.), Dodoens, and Tournefort inst. 196 ; is 

 known to grow wild in Italy, Spain, and Southern France (Pers., and Lenz), and is besides cultivated 

 throughout middle Europe (Woodv. med. bot. pi. 109). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp in moun- 

 tainous situations in Greece and on the Greek islands ; is known to grow also in Siberia (Pers.). By 

 European colonists, was carried prior to 1670 to Northeast America, where it continues under cultiva- 

 tion as a seasoning herb. According to Lindley, " is fragrant and stimulating, its essential oil is 

 administered to remove flatulence." 



"The same year" (art de verif.), Melek-Aziz Othman succeeded by Melek-el-AIansur, third Ayou- 

 bite sultan of Egypt. A copper coin issued by Melek-el-Mansur, is figured in Marcel p. 147. 



" The same year " (Stirling res. Asiat. xv. 315 to 327, and Elphinstone iii. 7), the pagoda of Jagan- 

 nat, on the Eastern shore of Hindustan, completed. 



"At the end of the Twelfth century" (Pouchet), six different species of seals, Phoca, described 

 by the Norwegian author of the "Miroir Royal" — (transl. Einersen p. 176). 



" 1 199 A. D. (= 1859th of Synmu," art de verif.), abdication of Toba II. in favour of his eldest 

 son Tsatsi or Tsutsi, surnamed Mikaddo, now at the age of three years dairo of Japan. In the first 

 year of his reign, death of Joritomo ; leaving his title of "twenty " years standing (Kaempf. ii. 5) to 

 his own son Jori-sje. — After two years, Jori-sje was slain. 



"In the beginning, of the Thirteenth century" (Jap. centen. comm. 106), seeds of the tea plant 

 brought by the priest Miyoye from China to Japan, and its cultivation introduced. 



"T20O A. D." (art de verif.), Melek-el-Mansur succeeded by Melek-Adel Seif-Eddin, fourth 

 Ayoubite sultan of Egypt. Silver and copper coins issued by Melek-Adel, are figured in Marcel 

 p. 149. 



" In this year (= 6th year khing-youan of Ning-tsoung," Remus, mel. iii. 88), a letter and tribute 

 sent to China by the king of Cambodia on his accession. — He reigned "twenty" years. 



" The same year" (Alst.), end of the chronicle of Dodechinus. 



One hundred and sixty-fifth generation. Jan. 1st, 1201, onward mostly beyond youth : the Jewish 

 writers, Samuel ben Samson, Charisi, R. Isaac the blind, Sheshet ha-Nassi, and Samson of Germany : 

 the Arab writer Boha-eddin : the Greek writers, Nicetas Choniates d. 1216, and Balsamon d. 1204: 

 Conradus Urspergensis, Honorius Augustudunensis ; William of Newburgh ; Campanus of Lombardy ; 

 Gervase of Canterbury ; Ralph of Diceto ; Saxo Grammaticus ; Walter of Coventry ; Accursius ; 

 Antonius of Padua: the astronomer Jean de Sacrobosco (Pouchet). 



"The same year" (Nicol), by a synod at Paris, Evrard of Nevers convicted of heresy and 

 burned. 



"1202 A. D. (= S99 A - H." of Ferisht, Elph.), death of Gheias u-din. Shahab-u-din or Moham- 

 med Ghori now becoming sole sultan of Ghor and Ghazni. 



" 1203 A. D. (= 600 A. H." of Ferisht., Elph.), Shahab-u-din proceeding North against Kharizm, 

 defeated by the Khilan Tartars. 



" In this year" (Blair), Fourth crusade. Sailing from Venice, the expedition arrived on the " 14th 

 of June " at Chalcedon. 



Ibn Roshd or Averrhoes at this time writing. — He died "in 1217." 



Geranium moth of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain culver foot 

 (Cockayne), and probably one of the four kinds of "pede columbino," little differing, known to Averr- 

 hoes— (J. Jacobi de Manljis) : the "pes columbae " of ms. Bodley 536, and " geran columbina" of 

 Lyte are referred here by Cockayne : G. molle is termed "g. columbinum minus majori flore et foliis 

 florum bifidis" by Tournefort inst. 268 ; is known to occur in waste and fallow ground from Denmark 

 throughout middle Europe (fl. Dan pi. 679, Vaill. paris pi. 15, Pers., and A. Dec.) ; was observed by 

 Forskal near Marseilles ; by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in the Peloponnesus and on the Greek islands. 

 (See G. columbinum). 



Geranium dissectum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Probably one of the four kinds 

 of "pede columbino" known to Averrhoes— (J. J. de Manl.) : G. dissectum is termed "g. columbi- 

 num maximum foliis disseclis " by Tournefort inst. 268 ; is known as a weed in waste and" cultivated 

 ground from Denmark throughout middle Europe (fl. Dan. pi. 936, Curt. lond. vi. pi 45, Vaill. paris 



