OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 719 



pi. 15, Cavan. iv. pi. 78, and Pers.) ; was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in the Peloponnesus 

 and other parts of Greece ; by Delile, in the cultivated fields of Lower Egypt. 



Geranium Pyrenakum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Probably the fourth kind 

 of "pede columbino" known to Averrhoes — (J. J. de Manl.) : G. Pyrenaicum is termed "g. colum- 

 binum perenne pyrenaicum maximum" by Tournefort inst. 268; is known to grow wild in middle 

 Europe (Lorey and Dur.), and naturalized as far as Normandy, Paris, Britain, and Ireland (Cav. iv. 

 pi. 99, Curt. lond. iii. pi. 42, Wats., and A. Dec.) ; was observed by Sibthorp from mount Athos to 

 the Peloponnesus. 



" 1204 A. D. = 4th year of the 'kia-tai ' of Ning-tsoung, and 4th year of the ' tai-ho ' of Tchang- 

 tsoung" of the Kin (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the Sixty-fifth cycle. 



"The same year" (. . . . F. Mason i. 6 and iii. 67), in Burmah, by Nara-padi-saethu, king of 

 Pugan, building of the great pagoda at Tavoy point. 



"The same year " (Blair), after " about three hundred years " separation, Normandy conquered 

 and re-united with France. — Three years afterwards, towns in Normandy were elected into corpora- 

 tions, Rouen, and Falaise being the first. 



" The same year " (Blair), the Inquisition instituted. Against the Albigenses. 



"July 20th " (Alst, and Blair), Constantinople captured by the crusaders, and "a great number 

 of libraries'" there destroyed by the soldiers (Ramusius, Gibbon, Michaud, and Pouchet). Henri 

 Baldwin was now made king, under the spiritual dominion of the pope : the Venetians receiving as 

 their share the island of Crete. Alexis III. was however succeeded at Adrianople by Theodorus Las- 

 caris as the legitimate Byzantine emperor. 



The " Chronicle of the conquest of Constantinople " by Geoffrey de Villehardouin, almost the 

 earliest literary production by a layman (rudim. chron. Lond.). 



" 1205 A. D. (= 602 ann. H.," J. T. Blunt as. res. iv. p. 316), accession of Cuttub Shaw as sul- 

 tan of Delhi. — He reigned five years ; and his tomb is pointed out near the Cuttub Minar tower. 



About this time (= " about six hundred years " before 1804, tradit., and Colebrooke as. res. viii. 

 467), the celebrated Sri Bhagavata composed by a grammarian. 



" 1206, March 14th (=602 A. H., Shaban 2d " of Ferisht, Elph.), Shahab-u-din, during a second 

 expedition against Kharium, assassinated on the Indus by a band of Gakkars, who had lost relatives 

 in his wars. Kutb-u-din now became first sultan of Delhi, and received the insignia of royalty from 

 Mahmud Ghori, the successor of Shahab-u-din. 



"In this year" (Yule p. cxvii, and Pauth. 348), the Western Tartars acquiring prominence in 

 History, Chinghiz elected khan and invited by Ning-tsoung to aid him against the Kin. 



" 1208 A. D." (rudim. chron. Lond.), England laid under an interdict by the pope. 



" The same year " (Alst., and Pouchet), a mendicant Order of monks founded by Franciscus ; 

 and named from him " Franciscans." — The Dominicans were founded eight years later. For the 

 next two or three centuries, nearly all the distinguished writers belong to the mendicant monastic 

 Orders (Pouchet). 



" 1209 A. D. = 1st year of the ' ta-ngan ' of Tchou-young-ki, of the Kin," ruler of Northern 

 China — (Chinese chron. table). 



"In this vear" (Tchao yuan phing, and Klapr. mem. ii. 331), the "fourth " of Jenghiz-khan, 

 voluntary submission of Barchu-Arte-Tieghin, chief of the Ouigours, a Turkish tribe on the Selenga. 



" 1210 A. D." (Blair), the persecution against the Albigenses very severe. 



" October " (Alst., and Nicol., see also Blair), a synod at Paris. " Fourteen disciples of Aumari" 

 or Almaric were condemned to be burned; together with the metaphysical writings of Aristotle, just 

 imported from Constantinople and translated into Latin. 



"The same year (= 607 ann. H.," Elph., and J. T. Blunt as. res. iv. 316), Kutb-u-din Eibak 

 succeeded by his son Aram, — and within a twelvemonth by Altamsh, now sultan of Delhi. 



" 121 1 A. D. (= 1871st of Synmu,'' art de verif.), abdication of Tsatsi-mikaddo in favour of his 

 younger brother Siuntoku, now dairo of Japan. Sonnetomo. second son of Joritomo, beinc, refused 

 the title of his father and brother, commenced war, — built the first ships of war seen in Japan, and 

 at length obtained confirmation of the title of cubo. 



"The same year" (Lubke and Lutrow), building of the cathedral at Rheims. 



•' 12 1 2 A. D." (Alst.), end of the chronicle of Robertus de Monte. 



" 1213 A. D. = 1st year of the ' tchi-ning' of Tchou-young-ki of the Kin, who died in this year; 

 and 1st' year of the ' tchin-yeou ' of his successor Hiouan-tsoung" — (Chinese chron. table). 



"July" (Nicol), a synod at St. Albans. King John, on swearing to observe the laws of Edward 

 III. the Confessor and of Henry, was reconciled to the prelates and barons* 



* Aethnsa cynapium of middle and Northern Europe. Called in Britain fool's parsley, and 

 apparently the same plant by old writers "ass-parsley" (Prior) : the briddeS nest identified in 



