OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 72 I 



Jatropha glandulosa of Tropical Arabia. Called in Yemen "obab" or "bocka," in which we 

 recognize the " baka " of Abul Abbas Elnabati, — and Ebn Baitar : J. glandulosa was observed by 

 Forskal p. 163 in Yemen, in stinging emitting a watery and somewhat milky juice, acrid enough to 

 corrode iron, the fresh stems applied to boils or felons to soften the tumour and soothe the pain. 

 Farther East, a shrub suspected by Graham to be "J. glandulifera " has been found in the Bombay 

 Presidency only ''near Punderpore in the Deccan, where a fabulous legend is connected with its first 

 springing up ; " but " J. glandulifera " was observed by Roxburgh in other parts of Hindustan, and 

 according to Lindley "the pale or whey-coloured thin juice which exudes from a fresh wound is em- 

 ployed by the Hindus as an escharotic to remove films from the eyes." 



Jatroplia glaicca of Tropical Arabia. Possibly included with the preceding ; — found by Fors- 

 kal p. 162 sometimes substituted in Yemen though inferior in medicinal virtue, and called " obab " or 

 " medjersche." According to Ainslie, and Lindley, the " seeds yield stimulating oil recommended by 

 the Hindus as an external application in cases of chronic rheumatism and paralytic affections." As 

 transported to Europe, the plant is described by Plukenet aim. pi. 220, and Vahl. 



Barleria bispinosa of Tropical Arabia. The Justicia tribe called in Yemen " uusar " (Forsk.), 

 and the " haischar" of the Elrujlat of A. A. Elnabati growing at Medina, spiny, the flowers between 

 white and blue, — may be compared with this species : B. bispinosa was observed by Forskal p. 6 

 along the base of the mountains of Yemen, and called "kulibe " or "schechad." 



Gieivia vchitina of the mountains of Yemen. A shrub called in Yemen "nescham," in which 

 we recognize the white " nascham " of the treatise Elrujlat, — and of Ebn Baitar (art. " gabariyat ") : 

 G. velutina was observed by Forskal p. 106 on the mountains around Hadie. 



littellia guttata of the mountains of Yemen. A shrubby species called in Yemen " kasr " or 

 " ghobeire," and the " gubaira " mistaken for a different plant according to the author of the Elrujlat 

 ■ — (Ebn. Bait. art. " gabariyat "), may be compared. R. guttata was observed on the mountains of 

 Yemen by Forskal p. 114. 



Not earlier than this year (" 1218-30" Lubke and Lutrow, rudim. chron. Lond. giving " 1228 "), 

 building of the Franciscan cathedral at Assisi ; the earliest example in Italy of the pointed arch. 



Eryngium alpinum of the mountains of middle Europe. The more simple-stemmed beautiful 

 kind called " spinam Sancti Francisci," growing on mount Auerno of the Appenines, — and further 

 described by Caesalpinus xiii. 28 as held sacred and having " cacuminibus caeruleis," seems to corre- 

 spond : E. alpinum is described by Linnaeus ; and is known to grow on the mountains of Switzerland 

 (Jacq. rar. pi. 94, and Pers.). 



" 1219 A. D." (Munk, and Marcel), Sixth crusade. The Expedition landing in Egypt, and cap- 

 turing the city of Damietta. — After advancing in the course of two years as far as the head of the 

 Delta, the crusaders were compelled to capitulate and leave the country. 



"In this year" (Yule cath. i. p. cxviii), the Tartars under Jenghis Khan extending their con- 

 quests Westward: his armies penetrating to Russia, Georgia, and Armenia. 



" In this year (=l2th of the ' kia-ting ' of Ning-tsoung," geogr. Chin, transl. Klapr. 36), submis- 

 sion of Tchhfi, king of Corea, to the Mongols. 



" 1220 A. D." (rudim. chron. Lond.), in England, "rebuilding of the abbey church of Westmin- 

 ster ; " and commencement of Salisbury cathedral. 



" 1221 A. D. (= 618 A. H." of Ferisht, Elph. vi. 1), the Sultan of Kharism having been defeated 

 and his country overrun by the Mogul Tartars under Jenghis Khan, bis son Jelal-u-din driven across 

 the Indus into Hindustan seeking refuge with sultan Altamsh of Delhi. 



"In this year" (Lubke and Lutrow), Mary and the child; a painting by Guido of Siena — 

 extant to the present day. 



" 1222 A. D." (Alst.), at Adrianople, Theodorus Lascares succeeded by Joannes III. Ducas as 

 the legitimate emperor. "At Constantinople in this year" (Nicol.), a synod, On the differences 

 between the Greek and Latin bishops of Cyprus. 



"The same year (= 619 Hej.," Pall. trav. i. 192), date of Arabic inscriptions in the cemetery of 

 the ruined city of Bolgari, on the Lower Volga. 



"The same year" (art de verif.), abdication of Siuntoku in favour of Foricawa II. or Go-Fori- 

 kawa, grandson of Takakura, and now at the age of thirteen dairo of Japan. 



" In the rei"n of Go-Horikawa " (Jap. centen. coram. 60), " Kato Shirozayemon went to China, 

 and after havin<* seen some of the Chinese potteries, returned and settled in the province of Owari," 

 but the pottery which he made was " a kind of stoneware." 



" 1223 A. D." (Blair), in France, the slaves all franchised, set at liberty by Louis VIII. 



" 1224 A. D. = 1st year of the ' tching-ta ' of Ngai-tsoung, of the Kin," ruler of Northern China 

 — (Chinese chron. table). 



"The same year" (Remusat mel. iv. 169, and Pauth. 382), end of the historical encyclopedic 

 work " Wen-hian-thoung-khao," — written many years later by the Chinese archaeologist Ma-touan- 

 lin (see 1317 A. D.). 9' 



