OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 723 



Trichosanth.es anguina of Tropical Eastern Asia. Mentioned perhaps in the Nabathean land- 

 wirthschaft of Sagrit (Safarit) — of Ebn Bait. art. " kuthn ? " as well as by Abu Abdallah, for " schlan- 

 gengurke" occurs in the translations by Sontheimer anmerk. ii. 12 and 26: T. anguina was observed 

 by Graham "commonly cultivated about Bombay" and called "chiconda;" and by Rumphius v. 

 pi. 148, Roxburgh, and Wight, in other parts of Hindustan. Farther East, is enumerated by Mason 

 as '' exotic " in Burmah, called " pai-len-mwae," and in "very general demand for vegetable curries ; " 

 from its contorted long slender-striped fruit is called snake-gourd by the colonists. As transported to 

 Europe, is described by Miller pi. 32. 



"1232 A. D." (Nicol.), a synod at Nice. " On the jurisdiction of the patriarch.'' 



"The same year" (Nicol.), a synod in London. The authors of the ill-treatment of "Roman 

 clerks who had benefices in England," were excommunicated. 



" In this year (= 5th of the tchao-ting," geogr. Chin, transl. Klapr.), a Mongol army under Ogo- 

 tai entering Corea, and " seventy-two " inspectors established in the principal cities, notwithstanding 

 the renewal of submission on the part of king TchhS. 



" 1233 A. D." (art de verif.), Foricawa II. succeeded by his eldest son Sidsio, now at the age of 

 five dairo of Japan. 



" From Apr. 24th to May 10th " (Nicol.), a synod at Nympha in Bithynia. " On the procession 

 of the Holy Ghost." 



"The same year" (Blair), the Inquisition committed to the care of the Dominican Order of 

 monks. 



"The same year" (rudim. chron. Lond.), discovery of coal at Newcastle in England. 



" 1234 A. D. = 1st year of the 'touan-ping' of Li-tsoung " of the Soung, "end of the rule of the 

 Kin" (Chinese chron. table). The Tartar khan Okkodai having consolidated with his empire all the 

 provinces North of the Kiang (Yule i. p. cxviii). 



One hundred and sixty-sixth generation. May 1st, 1234, onward mostly beyond youth : the Chi- 

 nese astronomer Ye-lou-thsou-tsai : the Persian writer Nasir-eddin Tousi : the Jewish writers, Meir 

 Abulafia, Abul Menni ben Abi Nassar ben Hafidh el-Atthar, David Kimchi, Jacob of France : the 

 Arab writer Abraham Ibn Sahl : the Greek writers, Germanus of Constantinople d. 1254, Nicephorus 

 Blemmides, d. after 1255, Arsenius of Corinth d. after 1264: Hugo de S. Caro, Jacobus a Vitriaco, 

 Matthasus Paris ; John of Halifax ; Peter de Vignes ; Grostest ; Bruno de Lungoburgo : the scholastic 

 theologians, Gulielmus Antisiodorensis, Gulielmus Parisiensis, and Alexander de Ales : the painter 

 Margaritone d. 1275 (Bryan). 



" In or about this year" (Hillel ben Samuel, and Steinschneid. ii 11), a controversy among the 

 Jews respecting Maimonides, and the "Jewish creed" submitted by them "to the judgment of Chris- 

 tians." The result was, that the Talmud and other Hebrew writings "to the number of about twelve 

 thousand volumes " were publicly burned at Paris. 



Verbal information received from Abd-allatif by Ebn Baitar (art. "jimjim"). 



Malva verticillata of China. Called in Egypt " khobbeyzeh," in which we recognize the " melu- 

 kiyya" seen in Egypt by Abd-allatif, and identified by him with the "khobbeiza : " — a cultivated and 

 esculent mallow "resembling M. rotundifolia, was seen in Egypt by Forskal ; M. verticillata was ob- 

 served there by Delile, and its field-culture, mentioned by Clot-Bey, was witnessed by myself. As 

 transported Westward, M. verticillata is described by Linnaeus, Jacquin hort. pi. 40, and Cavanilles ii. 

 pi. 25 ; and since 1843, lias made its appearance in cultivated ground near Llanely in Wales (Engl, 

 bot. pi. 2953, Bab., and A. Dec). 



Citrus limonum of Tropical Eastern Asia. The "limun de baume an inch long and of the shape 

 of an elongate egg," seen in Egypt by Abd-allatif, — may be compared : limes were seen in Egypt by 

 Belon ; and the "leymoun maleh" of Delile, may also be compared. Farther North, the "limon pusil- 

 lus" is described in 1638 by Ferrari pi 21 1 ; and C. limonum, recognized by the crenulate leaves, is 

 figured as a greenhouse plant by Parkinson. Eastward from Egypt, C. limonum was observed by 

 myself at Muscat ; the "lime tree" is enumerated by Graham as "common in gardens" in the envi- 

 rons of Bombay ; 'and the " small acid lime " is described by Mason v. p. 453 and 760 as " exotic" in 

 Burmah, but " seen almost everywhere in abundance." By European colonists, C. limonum was car- 

 ried to the islands of the Pacific, as ascertained by myself at the Hawaiian, Taheitian, and Tongan 

 Groups • and a single tree of unknown origin was said to exist on the Samoan Group. 



Sorghum saccharatum of Abyssinia ? Called in Yemen and Egypt " dokhn," in which we recog- 

 nize the " dokhn," described by Abd-allatif as cultivated only at the Southern extreme of Egypt : — 

 S saccharatum was observed by Forskal in a garden at Rosetta, the seeds given to birds ; by Delile, 

 in a garden at Cairo ; and as transported Westward, is described by Linnaeus, and Mieg pi. \. South- 

 ward from E-ypt, was found by Forskal p. 174 extensively cultivated in Yemen as an esculent grain. 

 Eastward was observed in Hindustan by Roxburgh ; according to Graham, was found by Sykes cul- 

 tivated in the Deccan and called "shaloo ; " and farther East, is mentioned by Mason v. p. 476 as 



