OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 727 



very acid pulp of its fruit " is used by the inhabitants of Java instead of soap." By Nimmo, the living 

 plant was introduced into the environs of Bombay (Graham). 



Calophyllum elatum of Western Hindustan. A large tree called in Malabar " poon " or " poon- 



avanacu '' (Rheede) ; and from early times beaten up with leaves of Argyreia Malabarica to promote 

 the maturation of abscesses : — observed by Rheede ii. pi. 34 in Malabar ; by Nimmo, in " S. Con- 

 can " (Graham) ; by Burmann pi. 25, on Ceylon ; mentioned also by Roxburgh, and Drury p. 52. 



Zizyplius xylopyra of Western Hindustan. A small thorny tree called in Telinga "gotee" 

 (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay "gootee" (Graham); and from early times, its fruit used by 

 Moochies for making blacking, and the kernels eaten : — observed by Law at Duddi, and by Gib- 

 son, and Graham, " common on the Ghauts ; " by Retz, Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Cochin and 

 Courtallum and in " Southern India generally," its wood " very hard and durable and not heavy," and 

 its "young shoots and leaves " eaten by cattle (Drur.). 



Casearia esculenta of Western Hindustan. A Samydaceous shrub, its leaves eaten from early 

 times and its roots employed medicinally: — observed by Rheede v. pi. 50 in Malabar; by Nimmo, 

 on "the hilly parts of S. Concan " (Graham) nearly as far as Bombay; by Roxburgh, on the Circar 

 mountains, its "bitter purgative roots much used by the mountaineers " (Drur.). 



Acacia (A Ibizzii) amara of Western Hindustan. An unarmed tree thirty feet high called in 

 Tamil " woonja," in Telinga " nalla-eegoo " or " nalla-eenga " or " narlinjie " (Drur.) ; and from early 

 times, its leaves used for washing the hair, and its handsome hard and durable timber for building 

 and other purposes : — observed by Law " common on the banks of the Krishna, about Nalutwar " 

 (Graham) ; by Roxburgh, Wight, and Beddome, as far as Mysore and the Madras Presidency, its wood 

 "superior to sal and teak in transverse strength and cohesive power" (Drur.). 



Mimosa (Dichrostachys) chierea of Western Hindustan. A thorny shrub six to seven feet high 

 called in Tamil "vadatara" or " waratara," in Telinga "vellitooroo yeltoor," in Hindustanee " vur- 

 tuli " (Drur.) ; and from early times, its bruised young shoots applied in ophthalmia: — observed by 

 Graham " common on the sterile plains of the Deccan," also by myself ; by Ainslie, Roxburgh, and 

 Wight, as far as Coromandel, its wood "very hard " (Drur.); and by Burmann pi. 2, on Ceylon. 



Cassia auriculata of Western Hindustan A shrub called in Tamil " averie,"' in Telinga " tang- 

 hedu," in Hindustanee " turwer " (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay " turwar " or " awul " (Graham) ; 

 and from early times, its seeds and bark employed medicinally, its bark also in tanning, its root in 

 tempering iron with steel, and its branches preferred for making "datuns" or tooth-scrubbers: — 

 observed by Gibson, Burn., and Graham, growing "abundantly in the sterile tracts of the Deccan 

 and Goozerat ; " by Ainslie, Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, common in other parts of the peninsula. 



Afucuna gigantea of Western Hindustan. A large woody climber called in Malabar " kaka- 

 valli " (Drur.) ; and from early times, its bark employed in rheumatism : — observed by Rheede viii. 

 pi. 36 in Malabar ; by Nimmo, in " the Concans " (Graham), to and beyond Bombay ; by Roxburgh, 

 and Wight, as far as Coromandel (Drur.) ; is described also by Rumphius v pi. 6. 



Hardwickia binata of Western Hindustan. A tree with binate leaflets called in Tamil "acha 

 karachi " or " kat-udugu," in Telinga " nar-yepi " (Drur.); and from early times, its timber highly 

 valued, a strong fibre procured from its bark, and its leaves eaten by cattle : — observed by Gibson, 

 and Auld, " common in the Lulling pass " in the Bombay district (Graham) ; by myself, in the region 

 around the Adjunta caves ; by Roxburgh, Wight, and Beddome, from Mysore and the Western slope 

 of the NeiKherries to the Salem and Coimbatore districts, growing as far as the elevation of " thirty- 

 five hundred feet" (Drur.). 



Cynometra ramiflora of Western Hindustan. A Leguminous tree sixty feet high called in Mala- 

 bar "iripa" (Drur.)'; and from early times, its leaves and root employed medicinally, and an oil pro- 

 cured from its seeds : —observed by Rheede iv. pi. 31, and Wight, in Malabar (Drur.) ; by Nimmo, 

 in " S. Concan " (Graham), nearly as far as Bombay ; described also by Rumphius i. pi. 63. 



Sonneratia acida of the seashore from the mouths of the Indus throughout the Malayan archi- 

 pelago. A flowering maritime tree called in Tagalo " pagatpat " or " palatpat " or " palapat " (Blanco), 

 in Burmah "tabu" or " tamu " (Mason), in Bengalee "orchaka," in Malabar "blatti," and its radical 

 excrescences in Ceylon " kirili-now " meaning kirili root (Drur.) ; from early times, its fruit eaten and 

 its timber and radical excrescences used for various purposes : — observed by Rheede iii. pi. 40 in 

 Malabar; by Graham, in a "salt marsh " near Bombay, and the supply of "tew.ir" wood according to 

 Heddle "inexhaustible in the delta of the Indus;" by Tennent, on Ceylon; by Roxburgh, as far as 

 the Sunderbunds or mouths of the Ganges ; by Mason v. 534, in Burmah, "in the mangrove swamps 

 and on the banks of almost every stream " as "far as tide-waters reach ; " by myself, within reach of 

 the tide on the Philippines, where according to Blanco its fruit is eaten, its radical excrescences used 

 medicinally and as a substitute for cork, and its strong timber for house and boat building ; by Son- 



