OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 



733 



Dioscorea sp. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. A yam called " veeazee-koo " (Grant), and as early 

 perhaps as this date : — "grown here and there on mounds," from " 5 S. to 2° N." 



Anckomanes Hookeri? of Eastern Equatorial Africa. An Araceous plant three feet high with 

 curving-down thorns, and called "yal'wah " (Grant); its large bulb from early times boiled and eaten, 



— as by the Wanyamuezi of the present day : observed in " 3 15' North." 



Gymnandropojon sp. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. Its millet from early times eaten in famines, 



— as according to Grant at the present day : observed in " 5 5' S., alt. 3600 ft." 



Anthistiria imberbis of Tropical Africa. Two to two and a half feet high, and known from early 

 times:— the grass that clothes and waves like corn on the treeless hills of Karague", "alt. 5000 

 to 5500 feet:" cattle according to Grant "are never grazed upon it." Described by Retz obs. iii. 

 p. II, and Thunberg (Pers., and Steud.). 



Anthhtiria ciliata of Tropical Africa. Two and a half feet high ; and from early times, its 

 grain eaten in famines : — growing according to Grant " under trees in rich low ground with great 

 luxuriance, 5 5' S., alt. 3600 feet." Eastward, possibly by Arab or Banian traders carried to Hindus- 

 tan, where it was observed by Graham growing "most abundantly throughout the Concans, and is 

 commonly converted into hay for feeding horses ; " by Retz, and Roxburgh i. 247, in other parts of 

 Hindustan. Clearly through European traders, was carried to the West Indies (Pers.). 



Setaria aurea of Eastern Equatorial Africa. Liable to small round fungi, their dust from early 

 times eaten by the natives : — observed by Grant in " 2° North." Described by Hochst. 



Chloris Meccana of Abyssinia. Three to four feet high, and known from early times : — ob- 

 served by Grant in '• plantain-groves " under the Equator. Described by Hochst. 



Kyllingia macrocephala f of Eastern Equatorial Africa. Eighteen inches high and called 

 " keelolo " (Grant) ; and from early times, its pounded roots rubbed on the skin as a perfume, — as 

 by the Wanyamuezi women of the present day : observed " by rocky burn, 3 15' N." 



Fuirena umbellaia f of Tropical Africa. Three feet long, called " keekal'a " (Grant) ; and from 

 early times, salt extracted by the natives from its ashes : — observed by Grant "on sandy edges of 

 burn, Madi ; " known to grow in other parts of Tropical Africa as well as on Madagascar (Ad. Juss ), 

 and in Tropical Asia (R. Brown). Westward, occurring also in Tropical America (Vahl eel. amer. 2, 

 Pers., R. Brown, Kunth, and A. Dec), possibly brought by imported negroes. Described by Lin- 

 naeus the younger. 



" 1241, April 12th " (Yule cath. i. p. exx), a Tartar army having entered Poland and destroyed 

 Cracow found Breslaw abandoned and in ashes, and near Lignitz defeated with great slaughter the 

 forces of Poland, Silesia, and Moravia. Batu with the main army ravaging Hungary, capturing and 

 destroying Pesth : but the Tartars were suddenly recalled by the death of Okkodai, who was suc- 

 ceeded by Kuyuk. 



" Oct. 6th " (Greenhill in Sm. b. d.), eclipse of the sun. Witnessed at Nicaea, at the court of 

 the excluded Byzantine emperor Joannes III., by Nicolaus Myrepsus. 



Ajjrostemma githago of middle Asia. Called in Britain cockle or corn cockle, in Anglo-Saxon 

 "coccel" (Prior), in Germany "kornrade," in Italy "gettone" or "gettajone" (Lenz), in Lithuania 

 " kukalei," in Poland " kakol," in Russia " kukael " (A. Dec ), in Greece " goggoli " or " kokkoli " 

 (Sibth.) ; in which we recognize the KoxaXiSa t-ov o-itov of Nicolaus Myrepsus iv. 2: — A. githago 

 was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in the cultivated fields of Greece and the Greek islands ; is 

 known to grow in Armenia and around Caucasus, and in Siberia as far as Irkutzk (Koch, Bieb., and 

 Turcz.). Westward, is mentioned by Gerarde, and Ray, as known from time immemorial in Britain; 

 is termed "nigella" in the Ortus sanitatis pi. 310, and "lychnis segetum major" by Tournefort inst. 

 335; was observed by Desfontaines i. p. 363, and Munby, in Barbary ; and is known to grow in 

 Sicily, Sardinia, Southern Spain, Portugal, Italy, and throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark 

 and Courland (flor. Dan. pi. 576, Moris, and A. Dec). By European colonists, was carried to North- 

 east America, where it has become a weed in grain-fields. 



Neslia paniculata of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Greece "koukoulia" 

 (Fraas), and possibly the " kokalitha tou sitou " in question : — N. paniculata was observed by Sib- 

 thorp, and Fraas, in cultivated and fallow ground from Attica to Constantinople. Westward, is 

 termed "rapistrum arvense folio auriculato acuto " by Tournefort inst. 211, " myagrum paniculatum " 

 by Linnaeus ; and is known to occur in fallow ground in Piedmont and throughout middle Europe as 

 far as Denmark (All., fl. Dan. pi. 204, and Pers.). 



Artemisia camphorata of middle Europe. The ica<povpas poravrjs of Nicolaus Myrepsus, — is 

 referred here by Sprengel, and Hase : A. camphorata has not been observed by modern travellers in 

 Greece • but is described by Lobel pi. 769, and is known to grow on rocks in middle Europe (Wulff in 

 Jacq coll. iv. p. 295, Vill. delph. iii. p. 242, Dec. fl. fr., and Pers.). 



Leonurus cardiaca of Eastern Asia. Called in Japan " sitsisu soo " or usually ' ! susu kaki " 

 (Thunb.), in Britain motherwort (Prior) : the Kaphiofimavov of Nicolaus Myrepsus iii. 60 — is referred 



