734 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



here by Fuchsius : L. cardiaca was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the Peloponnesus to 

 Constantinople; is known to occur also about Caucasus and in Siberia (A. Dec.) ; and was observed 

 by Kaempfer, and Thunberg, in Japan. Westward, is described by Brunfels, and Gerarde ; is 

 termed "cardiaca" by Tournefort inst. r86 ; and is known to occur in waste places in Hungary and 

 throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 727, Lam. fl. fr., and Pers.). By European 

 colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues frequent in waste places in our North- 

 ern and middle States ; to Brazil, where it was observed by A. St. Hilaire in the outskirts of Rio 

 Janeiro. Its " reputed tonic powers " and use in the " disease of the stomach called heart-burn, are 

 now little regarded," though according to Burnett "a stimulant which has been extolled by the Rus- 

 sians as a preservative against canine madness " (Lindl.). Its English name and alleged power in 

 female complaints mentioned by Linacre, and Parkinson, may have arisen from its outward resem- 

 blance to Artemisia vulgaris. 



Bctonica Orient alis of middle Asia. The hpoviofioravov of Nicolaus Myrepsus i. 1— is referred 

 here by Sprengel : B. Orientalis is known to grow "in Oriente " (Pers.); and from transported 

 specimens, is described by Linnaeus, and Thuillier (Lam. ill. pi. 507, and Steud.). 



Coni^iola littoralis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Diminutive, prostrate from a 

 central root, and called in Britain strap-wort, in medieval Latin "corrigiola" (Prior) : mentioned by 

 Nicolaus Myrepsus, — according to transl. med. art. princ. 520 a . C. littoralis was observed by Sib- 

 thorp, and Chaubard, from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople. Westward, is described by Mori- 

 son v. pi. 29; and is known to grow in sandy situations in Barbary and throughout middle Europe as 

 far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi 334, and Pers.). 



Phalaris Canariensis of the Canary Islands. Called in Britain Canary grass (Prior), in Greece 

 "koukoule" or " koukoulohorton '' (Sibth.) or "anemohorto" (Forsk.), in which we recognize the 

 av(fiox"t)Tov of Nicolaus Myrepsus : — P. Canariensis was observed by Forskal, and Sibthorp, in 

 Greece and at Constantinople, frequent in cultivated ground; by Forskal, Hasselquist, and Delile 

 around Alexandria and Cairo. Westward, is enumerated by Stapel as frequent on Malta, and was 

 0! >served there by Forskal; is termed '■ gramen spicatum semine miliaceo albo " by Tournefort inst. 

 518 ; is known to occur in cultivated ground on the Canary Islands (Pers.) ; and since the domesti- 

 cation of Canary birds has been cultivated in Western Europe for feeding them with its seeds, in 

 Britain tending to become naturalized (Wats., and A. Dec). By European colonists, was carried to 

 Northeast America, where it continues under cultivation and is occasionally met with growing spon- 

 taneously. 



"Towards the end of October" (Alst., and Nicol.), Gregorius IX. succeeded by cardinal Geoffrey 

 de Castiglione, now Celestinus IV , twenty-third pope. Dying on the " 17th or iSth of November" 

 before being consecrated, the office continued vacant — more than eighteen months. 



" Nov. 29th " (Nicol.), a synod at Oxford. It was resolved, to send a deputation, praying the 

 emperor Fredericus II. to leave the election of the pope to the cardinals. 



"The same year" (Stirling res. Asiat. xv. 315 to 327, and Elphinstone iii. 8), the Black pagoda, 

 near that of Jagannat on the Eastern shore of Hindustan, completed.* 



* Cocatlus viltasiis. of Eastern Hindustan and Burmah. A woody twiner called in Hindustanee 

 " dier " or " faridbuti," in Telinga " doosra-tiga," in Bengalee " huyer " (Drur.) ; and from early times, 

 its leaves and root employed medicinally : — observed by Ainslie, Roxburgh, and Wight, in the penin- 

 sula and as far as Bengal (Drur.) ; by Mason, in Burmah. 



Sida rliomboidca o f Assam? Called in Bengalee " swet-baryala," in Hindustanee "sufed-bari- 

 yala " (Drur.), and known perhaps from early times : — observed by Roxburgh, and Wight, " cultivated " 

 from Assam to Negapatam and Coromandel, its long silky fibres of great strength (Drur.) ; according 

 to Hannay hort. soc. beng. 18(12, growing "luxuriantly in Assam." 



Buchauania lancifolia of Chittagong. A Terebinthoid tree, its tender unripe fruit from early 

 times eaten in curries: — observed by Roxburgh (Drur.). 



Caiiariiuii Bengalensc of Silhet and the adjacent mountainous countries. A Terebinthoid tree, 

 its copal-like but brittle resin known from early times, — sold at a cheap rate in the Calcutta bazaar, 

 and not valued by the natives (Madras exhib. rep., and Drur.). 



Iiiiri bidica of Assam and Chittagong. An Amyroid tree seventy feet high called in Bengalee 

 "nayor" (Drur.) ; and from early times, its hard close-grained wood used for furniture : — observed 

 by Wallich and termed "bursera serrata," its timber "tough as oak, and much heavier" (Drur.). 



Bauliuua diphylla of Eastern Hindustan. Called in Burmah " pa-lan " (Mason), at Cuddapah 

 and Guntoor " authee nar " or " yepy " or " apa " ( Drur.) ; and its fibres known from early times : — 

 observed by Buchanan, and Roxburgh, "common about Cuddapah and Guntoor" (Drur.); bv Mason, 

 in Burmah. 



Cassia (Cathartocarpus) Koxburghii of Eastern Hindustan. A beautiful tree resembling the 



