OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 735 



" 1243 A. D." Cann. Jap., and art de verif.), Sidsio succeeded by Saga II. or Go-Saga, younger 

 son of Tsatsi-mikaddo and now eighty-seventh dairo of Japan. 



" In the Thirteenth century" (Jap. c. c. 90), the third colossal statue of Budha, "the well-known 

 Daibutsu, of Kamakura," was built " with an alloy containing a small percentage of gold." 



"June 24th or 25th" (Alst, and NicoL), cardinal Sinabaldo di Fiesco or Innocentius IV. elected 

 twenty-fourth pope. He introduced into his Bulls the celebrated clause, " Non obstantibus." 



" 1244 A. D." (NicoL), a synod at Tarragona. "Against such as robbed, ill-treated, or defamed 

 priests." 



"The same year" (Munk), the sultan of Damascus having made a treaty again admitting the 

 crusaders into Jerusalem, Melek-Saleh extended an invitation to the Kharesmians, already then in 

 Syria. In accordance therewith, the Kharesmians advanced upon and captured Jerusalem. — At the 

 end of three years, they were expelled by the combined forces of the Syrians and Egyptians. 



The number of Memluks increased beyond precedent by Melek-Saleh ; who purchased some 

 thousands of young "Turks," to whom he gave a military education, and thus obtained a formidable 

 body of soldiers exclusively devoted to his interests. 



" In this year (= 642 A. H." of Ferishta, Elphinst.), irruption of Mogul Tartars through Tibet* 



weeping ash, its hard handsomely-marked timber known from early times : — observed by Roxburgh 

 on the Gingie hills, rare in the wild state (Drur.). 



Dalbergia sissoides of Eastern Hindustan. Its timber valued from early times : — observed by 

 Roxburgh (Drur.). 



Olea robusta of Silhet. Its hard and durable timber known from early times: — observed by 

 Roxburgh (Drur.). 



Echaltium piscidium of Silhet. A perennial climbing Apocynoid called there "echalat" (Drur.); 

 and from early times, the fibres of its bark used as a substitute for hemp : — observed in Silhet by 

 Roxburgh (Wight pi. 472, Royle, and Drur.). 



Wrightia mollissima of Cachar. Its timber known from early times, —being according to 

 Brownlow in a. h. s. 1864 "the nearest approach to boxwood there is in that part of the country" 

 (Drur.). 



Premna esculenta of Chittagong. Its leaves from early times used there medicinally : — observed 

 by Roxburgh (Drur.). 



Artocarpus chaplasha of the forests East of Bengal as far as Chittagong. An immense tree; 

 and from early times, river-canoes made of its trunk, its timber used besides for other purposes, 

 especially for anything under water: — enumerated by Drury. 



Calamus erectus of Silhet. Its seeds from early times used there by the poorer classes as a sub- 

 stitute for betel-nut : —observed by Roxburgh (Drur.). 



* Aconitum heterophyllum of the Himalayas. Shrubby, its imported root called in Hindustanee 

 " atis," on the Deccan " atvika " or " vajje-turki," in Telinga " ativasa," in Tamil " ativadayam " (Drur.), 

 and from early times sold in bazaars as aphrodisiac tonic and febrifuge : —observed by Wallich, and 

 Royle, on the Himalayan mountains, at the elevation of "nine to ten thousand feet" (Drur.). 



Aconitum palmatum and A. luridum, two other species growing on the Himalayan mountains, 

 "and yielding similar properties" (Drur.). 



Thalictrum foliolosum of the Khasia mountains. Called there " pila jari " yellow-root, exported 

 from the Kumaon mountains under the name of "momeeree" (Drur.), and from early times employed 

 medicinally : —observed by Buchanan (Steud.), and Royle ill. 51 (Drur.). 



Greivia elastica of Hindustan. A Tiliaceous tree, its timber from early times highly esteemed 

 for its strength and elasticity, for making bows and the shafts of vehicles : —observed by Royle, its 

 berries having a pleasant acid taste and used for making sherbet (Drur.). 



Pavia ludica of the Himalayan mountains. The Himalayan horse-chestnut is a lofty tree called 

 "kunour" or "pangla" (Drur.) ; and from early times, its seeds eaten, and its soft strong timber 

 used for building and cabinet purposes : —observed by Colebrooke, Wallich, Royle, and Jacquemont, 

 at the elevation "of from eight thousand to ten thousand feet in Kumaon Gurwhal" Sirmore and near 

 the sources of the Ganges to Kunawur. (Balfour, and Drur.). 



Xanthoxylon hastili of the Himalayas. Prickly, and from early times its aromatic fruit used as 

 a condiment, its seeds and bark as an aromatic tonic, and its small branches for tooth-scrubbers : — 

 described by Wallich, and observed by Powell in the Punjaub, its larger branches used for triturating 

 the hemp-plant and its capsules and seeds " said to intoxicate fish " (Drur.). 



Exacum tetra^onum of Subtropical Hindustan. A Gentianoid annual one to two feet high, 

 powerfully bitter and called " ooda chiretta" purple chiretta (Royle) ; from early times, employed as 

 a tonic and febrifuge ■— observed by Roxburgh, Wallich rar. pi. 276, and Royle, "common in the 



