740 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Acacia concinna of Tropical Hindustan. A large woody climber full of recurved prickles and 

 called in Bengalee " kochai," in Tamil " shika," in Telinga " shikaya," in Malabar "chinik " (Drur.), 

 at Bombay " chicakai " (Graham) ; and from early times, its succulent pods used by the Hindus for 

 marking their foreheads, also for washing the head, and its acid leaves substituted for tamarinds in 

 cookery : —observed by Nimmo, and Graham, the pods " sold in the bazaar " at Bombay ; by Burmann 

 pi. I, growing on Ceylon ; by Roxburgh, and Wight, from Mysore to Bengal and Assam (Drur.). 



Typlia elephantina of Hindustan. Called in Scinde " pauna "-grass (Heddle) in Bengalee "hogla " 

 (Drur.) ; and from early times, its stems cut for matting, tied also in bundles from their buoyancy 

 used to swim with : — observed by Heddle in Scinde, its long tortuous roots carefully guarded, being 

 of great importance in binding the soil along the Indus; by Powell, in the Punjaub ; by Nimmo, on 

 "margins of tanks and in the beds of rivers throughout the Concans " (Graham), to and beyond 

 Bombay ; by Roxburgh, as far as Bengal, and from elephants being fond of it termed elephant grass 

 (Drur.). 



" Oct. 19th " (Nicol.), a synod at Lerida. James king of Arragon, under excommunication 

 "for having caused the tongue of the bishop of Gironne to be cut out, was reconciled to the church." 



"Dec. 1st "(Nicol.), a synod in London. On the demand of the pope, of "a third of the revenues 

 of the clergy of England." 



'•1247 A. D." (Nicol.), a synod at Tarragona. Muslims desiring baptism were required to 

 "abide for some days with the rectors of the church, to prove their conversion." 



"The same year" (ami. Jap., and art de verif.), Saga II. succeeded by his second son Fikakusa 

 II. or Go-Fikakusa, now eighty-eighth dairo of Japan. 



" 1248 A. D." (Nicol., see also Alst.), a synod at Breslau. A fifth of the revenues of the Polish 

 clergy granted for three years to the pope, to aid him against the emperor Fredericus II. 



"The same year" (Lubke and Lutrow), on the Rhine, the cathedral at Cologne commenced, 

 under the superintendence of Gerhardus. — To the present day, the work of completion is going on. 



'• 1248 or 1249 A. D." (Nicol., see also Alst.), a synod at Shening. Against the marriage of the 

 clergy, a practice continuing in Sweden "after the example of the Greeks." 



" 1240 A. D." (Blair), Seventh crusade. Led into Egypt by Louis IX. le Saint; and on "June 

 5th," Damietta again captured. 



" In or about this year " (Garc. de la Vega), Roca succeeded by his son Yahuarhuacac, now 

 seventh Inca of Peru. 



Scoparia dulcis of Peru and the neighbouring portion of Tropical America. A Rhinanthoid 

 annual called in Brazil "basourinha" or "vacourinha" (Lindl ), and from early times employed medi- 

 cinally as a cooling laxative (Mart.), in Spanish America in infusion to cure agues — (Humb.): 

 observed by myself, introduced in the environs of Rio Janeiro, but to all appearance indigenous in 

 Lower Peru ; by J. D. Hooker, on the Galapagos Islands ; by Descourtilz, in the West Indies, but 

 no Carib name given. By European colonists, was carried Westward to the Taheitian Islands 

 (Beechey voy.); to Australia, before the visit of R. Brown; to the Philippines, naturalized and 



cent, — observed by Ainslie "given in decoction" in strangury (Drur.). Transported to Europe, 

 is described by Willdenow (Pers.). 



Antidesma buuias of Tropical Hindustan. A small or middle-sized tree called in Tamil " nolai- 

 tali," in Malabar " nuli-tali " (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay "amtee" (Graham); and from 

 early times, regarded as a remedy in snake-biles, and ropes made of its bark : — observed by Rheede 

 iv. pi. 56 in Malabar ; by Graham, as far as Bombay, "on the Kandalla Ghaut, rare ; " by Roxburgh, 

 Wight, and Drury, from Travancore to Coromandel and Nepaul, its trunk in Assam sometimes " twelve 

 or fourteen inches in diameter," its wood by immersion in "water becoming heavy and black as 

 iron;" is termed "bunias sativus " by Rumphius iii. pi. 132. 



Ficus heterophylla of Tropical Hindustan. A harsh-leaved shrub called in Bengalee "goori-shiori," 

 in Telinga "buroni," in Malabar " valli-teragam " (Drur.) ; and from early times, its root employed 

 medicinally : — observed by Rheede iii. pi. 62 in Malabar ; by Graham, from Bombay to the Ghauts ; 

 by Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, " common in moist places in the Peninsula and Bengal." 



Ficus cunia of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. A tree called in Malabar "perina teregam " 

 (Drur.) ; and from early times, its bark and fruit used medicinally, and its rough leaves for polishing 

 furniture : — observed by Rheede iii. pi. 61 in Malabar ; by Graham, in " the Concans " to and beyond 

 Bombay ; by Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Coromandel and Oude ; is described also by Rumphius 

 iii. pi. 95 ; and was observed by Mason in Burmah. 



Fh'iisine stiicta of Hindustan. Cultivated to a great extent, and perhaps from early times : — 

 differing according to Drury "in having the spikes straight, being of a larger size, and more produc- 

 tive, the seeds are also heavier, which cause the spike to bend down horizontally." 



