746 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



nalioid shrub or tree called in Malabar " kada kandel " (Drur.) ; and its very strong durable wood 

 known from early times : — observed by Rheede vi. pi. 37 in Malabar; by Nimmo, on the " margins 

 of salt water creeks S. Concan " (Graham), nearly as far as Bombay; by Drury, among the man- 

 valuable light-coloured timber much used from early times : — observed by Beddome pi. 68 '• in the 

 Tinnevelly district and southern provinces of Madura, being very abundant up to three thousand feet 

 of elevation " (Drur.). 



Exacum peduigulatum of Southern Hindustan. A Gentianoid annual, known from early times 

 as a bitter tonic: — observed by Wi-ht, and Drury, "common in the Western districts of Mysore." 

 Transported to Europe, is described by Plukenet mant. pi. 343 (Pers.). 



Ophelia elegans of the mountains of Southern Hindustan. A shrubby branching Gentianoid 

 called " salaras " or " salajit" (Drur.) ; and from early times, in great request as a bitter and febri- 

 fuge :— observed by W. Elliot, and Wight, on the Pulney hills and Northern Circars, the dried 

 stems sold in the bazaars, and exported in bundles (Drur.). 



Ophelia multiflora of the Neilgherries. White-flowered; its dried root from early times used at 

 Bombay as a substitute for gentian and chiretta, — and apparently its stems and leaves also (Waring 

 pharm. ind.) : observed by Dalzell fl. bomb. 156 growing at Mahableshwar (Drur.). 



Ipoinaea gemella of Southern Hindustan ? From early times, its mucilaginous leaves employed 

 medicinally : — observed by Koenig, and Ainslie, in waste places in Tranquebar, known to occur also 

 on Java (Pers., Steud., and Drur.). 



Ehretia buxifolia of Southern Hindustan. A Cordia-like shrub or small tree called in Tamil 

 " cooruvingie," in Telinga " bapana boory," in Hindustanee " poluh " (Drur.) ; and from early times, 

 its root employed medicinally, and by Mohammedan physicians considered an antidote to vegetable 

 poisons : — observed by Ainslie, and Roxburgh, in Coromandel, by Drury " common on barren lands 

 and in forests." 



Gmelina Asiatic* of Southern Hindustan. A thorny yellow-flowered shrub called in Tamil 

 " neelacoomil," in Telinga " nelagoomadi " (Drur.); and from early times, its mucilaginous demulcent 

 root employed medicinally : — described by Rumphius i. pi. 40 and ii. pi. 39 ; observed by Roxburgh 

 and Drury, from Travancore to Coromandel ; but by Graham, " common in Bombay gardens " a°nd 

 "forms an elegant and excellent hedge," its flowers " large." Transported to Europe, is described 

 by Plukenet aim. pi. 14. 



Piouia latijoiia of Coromandel. A Verbenaceous tree called in Telinga '• pedda-nella-kura " 

 (Drur.); and from early times, its leaves eaten in curries, and its firm white wood used for many 

 economical purposes : — observed by Roxburgh, and Wight pi. S69. 



Premna tomentosa of Southern Hindustan. A shrub or small tree, its hard close-drained orna- 

 mental wood known from early times : — observed by Wight, and Drury, common from Travancore 

 to the Circar mountains. From transported specimens, described by Wiildenow, and Lamarck. 



Juitn-1,1 {Adhatoda) Trauqucbarcnsis <,f Southern Hindustan. Fruticulose, and called in Tamil 

 _ tavashu-moorungie " or " poonakoo-poondoo," in Telinga " pindi-konda " (Drur.) ; from earlv times, 

 its leaves employed medicinally :- received by the younger Linnajus from Tranquebar- and ob- 

 served by Ainslie, and Wight, along the Eastern coasts of the peninsula (Drur.). 

 _ _ Justicia {Rodcllaria) procumbent of Southern Hindustan and Burmah. A spreading shrub 

 jointed and often rooting at the jo.nts, called in Tamil « nereipoottie," in Telinga '■ nakapootta chit- 

 t«o (Drur.); and from early times, the juice of its leaves applied in ophthalmia :- observed by 

 Amshe, Roxburgh, and W ight, » very common on pasture-ground on the Coromandel coast" (Drur.); 

 » known to grow also on Ceylon (Pers ) ; and was observed by Mason in Burmah. Transported to 

 Europe, is described by Plukenet aim. pi. 56. 



Antidcsma dmudnnu of the Circar mountains. Its timber from early times used for many pur- 

 poses : — observed by Roxburgh (Steud., and Drur.). 



Antidcsma pubescens of Southern Hindustan.' A small tree called on the Circars " pollarie " 

 (Drur.), and from early times, its fruit eaten : - observed by Nimmo in » S. Concan" (Graham), 

 nearly as far as Bombay ; by Roxburgh cor. ii. pi. ,67, on the Northern Circars (Drur ) 



Arum monlanum of the Northern Circar mountains. Sten-.less and called in Telinga "konda- 

 rakis (Drur.) ; its root from early times employed by the mountaineers to poison tigers : - observed 

 by Roxburgh, and Wight pi. 796 (Drur.). ° 



Aran, lyratum of the Circar mountains. Its root from early times cooked and eaten, - regarded 

 very nutntious when prepared •' in a particular manner ; " observed by Roxburgh (Drur ) 



Areca Duksouu of Southern Hindustan. A palm, its nut from early time°s eaten bv the poorer 



mountains of mT ^f^ : ~^^ -cording to Drur, wild in great abundance o'n the 

 mountains of Malabar and Travancore. 



