OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 749 



ported to Europe, is termed "cucumis turcicus" by Fuchsius in 1542 (Dalech.) ; from 1561 was 

 cultivated by J. Bauhin hist. ii. 224 (A. Dec.) ; is described also by Dodoens, and Lobel, soon becom- 

 ing an agricultural product throughout middle and Southern Europe ; was observed by Chaubard 

 abundantly cultivated in the Peloponnesus ; by Delile, and Clot-Bey, in Egypt, called there " kara 

 mogrebi " Western gourd. By European colonists, was carried to Austral Africa, and thence to 

 Hindustan, where vegetable marrow was found by Graham "in gardens Bombay, not very common ; " 

 and " C. verrucosa," regarded as a variety, to Japan (Thunb.). 



Helianthus annuus of Northwest America. The sunflower called in Mexico " chimalatl " and 

 known there from early times (Humb. iv. 9) ; also from early times cultivated in our Atlantic 

 States, — as appears from the figures accompanying Hariot's account of the Roanoke (De Bry i. 14 

 and pi. 20) ; the custom of planting the sunflower among maize adopted by colonists as far as North- 

 ern New England. In Europe, H. annuus was first made known through a description sent by Cor- 

 tusi to Matthioli and published in 1568; is described somewhat later by Dodoens, Monardes, and 

 Gerarde, now becoming well known in gardens ; was observed by Forskal at Constantinople ; by him, 

 Delile, and Clot-Bey, in the gardens of Egypt ; and by Roxburgh, and Graham, in the gardens of 

 Hindustan. 



Helianthus tuberostts of North America. The "girasole" or Jerusalem artichoke, called in 

 French "topinambour " (Nugent), in Spanish " pataca " (Herrera agr.), known in New England from 

 early times : — Gookin coll. 3 found the natives mixing "Jerusalem artichokes " in their pottage : its 

 cultivation, adopted by the colonists, has been observed by myself as far as the border of Canada, the 

 plant sometimes escaping and springing up spontaneously: H. tuberosus was observed by Chapman 

 "commonly cultivated" also in our Southern States; but was not met with by Humboldt ii. 473 in 

 Mexico, nor in any of the Spanish colonies, nor by Martius in Brazil (A. Dec). Transported to 

 Europe, was seen by Columna ecphr. ii. 11 in 1616 in the Farnese garden ; is termed "battatas cana- 

 densis" by Parkinson, becoming now an object of agriculture, sometimes escaping but hardly natu- 

 ralized (A. Dec.) ; was observed by Clot-Bey, recently introduced into Egypt; by Gerarde, about 

 Sabathoo on the Himalayas and called "kuchaloo" or -'pinaloo'' (Edin. journ. sc. ix. 235), by Lush, 

 "cultivated in Deccan gardens " and thriving "remarkably well" (Graham). 



Catalpa bignonioides of our Gulf States. The catalpa or catawba tree, known from early times, 

 and supposed to have been brought Northward by the Creeks and Cherokees — ( . . . ) : observed 

 by Nuttall clearly indigenous in Alabama ; by Chapman, on '• river-banks, Georgia, Florida, and west- 

 ward." Farther North, by Catesby i. pi. 29, Walter, and Elliot, in Carolina; by myself, planted for 

 ornament as far as 43 along the Atlantic. Transported to Europe, was observed by A. Decandolle 

 flowering in the open air at Geneva in Switzerland ; is known to be planted in Italy (Lindl.) ; and 

 according to Clot-Bey has recently been introduced into Egypt. 



Carya olivceformis of the Lower Mississippi and Texas. The pecan hickory known from early 

 times, and oil to season their " sagamitty " with, made from its nuts " pacannes " by the native tribes 

 of Louisiana — (Bossu trav. 349) : the walnuts West of the Mississippi were found by De Soto 23 to 

 24 soft shelled, like unto acorns, and stored by the natives (soc. Hackl.) : C. olivaeformis was known 

 to Walter (Pers ) ; was observed by Chapman on "river-bottoms, Mississippi, northward and west- 

 ward ; " by Darby, from Natchitoches to the Rio Colorado of Texas ; by Nuttall in Arkansas ; by 

 F. A. Michaux, from the St. Francis river in Arkansas to Illinois, and along the Mississippi to about 

 Lat. 42 : by Long's expedition, as far as 41° ; by myself, on the Lower Ohio; and by Short, in Ken- 

 tucky. Transported to Europe, is described by Aiton, and Gaertner; and pecan nuts have become a 

 well-known article of commerce. 



Amaranthus retroflexus of Mexico and the unwooded central portion of North America. A 

 coarse weed known to the natives from early times : — received by Moquin from Mexico ; observed 

 by Nuttall along the Arkansas: by Chapman, in "cultivated grounds, Florida, and northward;" by 

 Short, in Kentucky ; by myself, frequent in waste and cultivated ground from Philadelphia to about 

 44 in New England. From New England, according to Ray, was carried to Europe ; is termed "a. 

 maximus Nova; AngHae totus viridis " by Zannichelli in 1735, "a. spicatus " by Lamarck in 1778, has 

 since become a weed throughout middle Europe from France to Silesia, the pest of the gardens accord- 

 ing to Bieberstein in Southern Russia as far as the Ukraine (A. Dec.) ; was observed by Sestini at 

 Constantinople, by Chaubard in the Peloponnesus. "A. hybridus" as well as "A. chlorostachys " 

 are regarded by A. Gray as perhaps not distinct. 



cultivated ground in New England and our Middle States ; by Chapman, in "sandy fields, Florida, 

 and northward; " by Nuttall, on the Arkansas; is known to occur on Jamaica (Pers.); and was 

 received by Kunth from Montevideo. Transported to Europe, is described by Linnaeus, and Retz 

 obs. iii. 9; and was observed by Balbi springing up spontaneously near Nice (Dec). This or a 

 species much resembling it was observed by myself indigenous on the Hawaiian Islands. 



