750 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Amaranthus albas of the unwooded central portion of North America. A weed known to the 

 natives from early times,- and probably the species seen by Nuttall on the Arkansas : was observed 

 by Chapman in "cultivated grounds, Florida, and northward;" was received trom Pennsylvania by 

 Linnanis, and observed near West Chester by Darlington ; by A. Gray m Central New York, in 

 " waste grounds, near towns, and road-sides, common." Transported to Europe, the " bhtum mariti- 

 mum minus calvculis aculeatis " found by Micheli naturalized in the sands near Viaregio in Tuscany, 

 is referred here by Tilli in 1723, also by Willdenow pi. I : A. albus was observed by Desfontaines 

 "in 1797" in Barbary, and has since become a weed in Sicily, Sardinia, Spain, Portugal, and France, 

 as far even as Paris (Loisel., Guss., Boiss., and A. Dec). 



Phytolacca d.-candra of central North America. The poke, called by the natives of Virginia 

 " pocan " (Lindl.). and known from early times : — observed by E. James on the Upper Arkansas, 

 by Nuttall lower clown on the Arkansas, and by N. A. Ware in Opelousas ; but along the Atlantic, 

 observed by myself a weed in waste and cultivated ground from about Lat. 44 throughout our Middle 

 States; by" Chapman, '-mar-ins of fields and uncultivated ground, Florida, and northward," by 

 Croom'as'far as 30 30'. Transported to Europe, was seen in France about 1650 by Barrelier pi. 

 150, was at first cultivated for colouring Bordeaux wine with its berries, called "raisin d'Amerique," 

 is mentioned as a cultivated plant by Ray "in 1693," but subsequently became naturalized (A. Dec); 

 is termed "ph. americana majori fructu" by Tournefort inst. 299; is called in Italy " uva Turca o di 

 Spagna" (Poll.) ; is known to occur in Barbary (Pers.) ; was observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, and 

 Chaubard, naturalized from Constantinople to the Peloponnesus and called " agriostaphitha ; " by For- 

 skal, and Delile, in Egypt, in gardens and springing up spontaneously and called " sabaghah " dye-stuff. 



1'oa annua of the Andes of South America ? A low annual grass, known as a weed from early 

 limes: — this or an allied species observed by myself near the snow on the Peruvian and Chilian 

 Andes : P. annua was received by Kunth from South America and the Falkland Islands ; was observed 

 by Nuttall on the Arkansas ; by Short, in Kentucky ; by Chapman, in "yards and gardens, Florida, 

 and northward introduced ; " bv myself, a weed around dwellings and in waste ground in our Middle 

 States and New England; by Hooker, in Iceland. In Europe, is described by T. Johnston (Ger. 

 emend. 3) in 1633, subsequently by Ray syn. 408; is termed "gramen pratense paniculatum minus 

 album" by Tournefort inst. 521 ; is known to occur along roadsides and in irrigated ground from 

 Lapland to the Mediterranean (Pers , and Wats.) ; was observed by Sibthorp on the Bithynian 

 Olympus, and along the shore of Asia Minor, also in the Peloponnesus ; by Hasselquist, at Damietta 

 in Egypt; is known to grow in waste ground along the Taurian mountains (Bieb.), and in Siberia 

 (Kunth). Clearly by European colonists, was carried to the Interior towns of Southern Brazil 

 (A. Saint-Hil ) ; and to either Auckland or Campbell's Island, in the absence of inhabitants found 

 on the grave of a French sailor (A. Dec). 



Ecliiiiochloa crns-galli of North America. A coarse grass known as a weed from early times: 

 — observed by Nuttall on the Arkansas ; by myself, to all appearance indigenous on mud-flats along 

 the Delaware, and within reach of brackish water along the New England shores, but multiplying as 

 a weed in cultivated ground ; by Chapman, in "wet places, Florida, and northward." Transported 

 to Europe, is described by M.itthioli, and Camerarius, had become frequent in the days of the 

 Bauhins, occurring in waste places around London in the days of Parkinson, and Ray (Wats., Bab., 

 and Bromf.) ; is termed "p. vul^are spica multiplici longis aristis circumvallata " by Tournefort inst. 

 515 ; is known to occur around Paris, and as far as Holland (A. Dec.) ; was observed by Forskal, 

 Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in cultivated ground from the Bithynian Olympus to Smyrna and the 

 Peloponnesus, and called "kehri" or "kekri;" by Forskal, and Delile, in rice-fields near Rosetta 

 in Egypt. Clearly by European colonists, was carried to Austral Africa (E. Mey.), and Australia 

 (Kunth). E. crus-corvi regarded as distinct, was observed by Thunberg near Nagasaki in Japan, 

 called there " ko kibi " little sorghum; by Roxburgh i. 296, in Hindustan, and by Graham in the 

 environs of Bombay. 



" 1259 A. D." (Yule cath. i. p. cxxi), Mangu succeeded by Khoubilai, now khan of the Tartars. 



" fn this year" (art de verif.), Nooreddin Ali succeeded by Kotoz, third Memluk sultan of Egypt. 

 Who, before the close of the year (Marcel 162) defeated the Tartar army of Hulagu-Khan in 

 Palestine. 



"In this year" (Humb. cosm. v.), the ma^intic variation in Italy found by Petrus Peregrine 

 to be "5 east." 



" In or about this year" (Gildem.), Ebn Alwardi writing. 



As early possibly as this year (see Malay ann., and Raffles x.), the city of Malacca founded by 

 Sekander Shah, fourth ruler of Singa pura : from which place he had been driven out by the Javan 

 forces. 



" 1260 A. D." (ann. Jap., and art de verif.), abdication of Fikakusa II. in favour of his younger 

 brother Kame-jamma or Ki-zan, now eighty-ninth dairo of Japan. 



