OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 751 



"The same year = 1st year of the 'king-ting' of Li-tsoung." Commencement of the reign in 

 Northern China of Khoubilai khan of the Tartars, under the name of " Chitsou of the Youan " (Chinese 

 chron. table, and Pauth. 349). Khoubilai introduced Lamaism or the Tartar religion ; but through 

 his minister the sage Hiu-heng, governed the Chinese according to their own usages. — He constructed 

 the Northern portion of the Great canal. 



The event amounted to a dissolution of the Tartar Empire, the middle portion having a seat of 

 government at Almalik in Central Asia, and Kipchak or the Western portion at Sarai on the Wolga 



— (Yule p. cxxi). 



"The same year" (Alst.), at Adrianople, Joannes IV. succeeded by Michael VIII. Palaelogus, 

 as the legitimate Byzantine emperor. 



" The same year " (Lubke and Lutrow), by Nicola Pisano, his marble-reliefs on the pulpit of the 

 Baptistery at Pisa finished. — Those on the pulpit of the cathedral at Siena, were finished "in 1266." 



"The same year" (art de verif.), Kotoz succeeded by Beybars, fourth Memluk sultan of Egypt. 

 Besides his mosque and tomb at Cairo, Beybars constructed various works of public utility, here, 

 and at Alexandria, Damietta, and Rosetta. His inscriptions and coins are remarkable for an accom- 

 panying figure of a lion ; in violation of the precepts of the Muslim religion. 



The fanatical sect of Bathenians or Hassassins (according to Marcel) exterminated by Beybars : 



— (evidence will however be given, that the sect continued to exist more than two centuries later). 



" 1261, July" (Alst., and Blair), Constantinople recovered from the crusaders by the emperor 

 Michael VIII. 



" The same year " (Nicol.), a synod at Paris, " To implore the aid of Heaven against the conquest 

 made by the Tartars over the Christians." Also synods at Lambeth, and Ravenna, on the same 

 subject. And at Mayence, " To make preparations for resisting the Tartars." 



"Aug. 29th" (Alst., and Nicol.), Alexander IV. succeeded by James Panteleon patriarch of Jeru- 

 salem, now Urbanus IV., twenty-sixth pope. Richard of Cornwall ruling Germany and Italy, though 

 residing almost constantly in England ; being a brother of king Henry III. 



" 1263, Nov. 1 8th" (Nicol.), a synod at Paris. A hundredth "of the revenues of the clergy of 

 France was granted for five years, in aid of the wars in the Holy Land." 



" 1264 A. D. == 5th year of the 'king-ting' of Li-tsoung, and 1st year of the 'tchi-youan' of 

 Chi-tsou" or Khoubilai- Khan (Chinese chron. table), beginning of the Sixty-sixth cycle. 



"May 14th" (Blair), Henry III. defeated and taken prisoner by the barons under Montfort 

 earl of Leicester : and " according to some '' authorities, the Commons of England first summoned 

 to parliament. — The earl of Leicester was defeated in the following year by prince Edward. 



"Aug. 26th" (Nicol.), a synod at Paris. A tenth of the revenues of the French clergy was 

 granted "for the conquest of Sicily" to Charles d'Anjou. To whom the pope had transferred the 

 throne from Manfred (Alst.). 



" 1265 A. D. = ' hian-tchun,' 1st year of Tou-tsoung, of the Soung" or Twenty-first dynasty — 

 (Chinese chron. table). 



"Feb. 5th" (Alst., and Nicol.), Urbanus IV. succeeded by cardinal Guy Foulquois, now 

 Clemens IV., twenty-seventh pope. Who wrote besides on jurisprudence. 



"The same year" (rudim. chron. Lond.), introduction of hereditary nobility into Sweden. 



Robertus Sorbona, founder of the college of the Sorbonne at Paris, at this time writing— (Alst. 



p. 407). 



" In or about this year" (Way pr. pm.), the author of gloss. Harl. 978 writing. 



Hieracium pilosella of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain mouse-car 

 (Prior), in which we recognize the " auricola muris " of gloss. Harl. 3388 and p I L S € L L &. of gloss. 

 Harl. 978, — the " muriciila " or " mowseer herbe " of Galfridus pr. pm., and the "pilosella" com- 

 mended by Montagnana (Spreng.) : H. pilosella is termed "dens leonis qui pilosella officinarum " by 

 Tournefort inst 469, "pilosella alpina" by Hoppe ; and is known to grow from France throughout 

 Northern Europe as far as Lapland and Iceland (Pers., Hook., and Wats.). Eastward, was observed 

 by Sibthorp from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople and on the Bithynian Olympus ; is known to 

 .-row also in the Tauro-Caspian countries. 



" 1266 Feb. (= 664 A. H." of Ferisht., Elph.), Nasir-u-din Mali mud succeeded by Gheias-u-din 

 Bulbun now ninth sultan of Delhi. — His court was the resort of exiles, including the poet Amir 

 Khusru and other literary men, and at different times no less than " fifteen " sovereigns driven from 

 their dominions in the West by the Mogul Tartars. • t , v- 



" May 10th " (Nicol.), a synod at Cologne. Against the injustice and violence " committed with 

 impunity for fifteen years during the vacancy of the imperial throne." — A synod in the following year 

 at Vienna, on the same subject. .,, , yc 



Cologne bein* at this time the entrepot or general mart between the North and South, Albertus 

 Magnus was enabled to procure there much information respecting Northern regions : companies tor 



