752 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



carrying on the whale-fishery SOCieUS wUmMinOPUm already in existence, and he de- 

 scribes the Phvseter and its ambergris and spermaceti; also the unlCOrnu m k P I P. U m, the sea- 

 unicorn or narwhal j the walrus (Trichecus rosmarus), and its skin cut into strips for cables ; the 

 white bear (Ursus maritimus), hunted in the water like the L U t 6 P otter and C kS t P beaver; and 

 the sable, Mustela zibellina (Pouchet). 



Albertus Magnus further speaks of Ml I m 3, L I U m MinuLOSOTum annelids or worms : he 

 is regarded by Humboldt as the first person who constructed a hot-house for living plants (Pouchet). 



Genu, montamim of the mountains of middle Europe. The g M"l f I L Ml k of Albertus Mag- 

 nus, called also SMI MTIU lid k and pes L € pO P I S — (Caesalp. xiv. 12), seems to correspond: 

 G. montana was observed by Dodoens i. 5. pi. 19 on the mountains of Bohemia, its root equally hav- 

 ing a '■ carvophyllo "-like odour; is described also by Barrelier rar. pi. 399; and is known to grow 

 on the mountains of Switzerland (Pers.). 



Narcissus pseudo-na/rissus of middle and Northern Europe. Called in Britain lent-lily or daf- 

 fodil or daffadowndilly, by all the older writers " affodilly," in medieval Latin " asphodelus " (Prior) ; 

 in which we recognize the M^fOdlLLllS of Albertus Magnus, — and the"felde lvlye " having 

 leaves like " sapharoun " of ms. Sloane 1571 : N. pseudo-narcissus is described by Brunfels i. p. 129 

 (Spreng.), and Dodoens ; is termed " n. sylvestris " by Lamarck fl. fr. ; was observed by Scopoli in 

 Carniolia; and is known to grow wild in middle and Northern Europe (Engl. bot. pi. 17, and Lindl.). 

 By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues under cultivation as a 

 garden-flower. Its properties according to Lindley are "similar to those of N. poeticus," and "the 

 flowers are said to be emetic." 



" The same year" (Crawfurd vii. 11), in Java, building of the earliest of the temples of Bram- 

 banan. — The latest in " 1296." 



" Not more perhaps than five or six centuries ago " (Hale ethnogr. Expl. Exp. 187 to 193), the 

 Tarawan coral-islands colonized by fugitives drifting in two canoes from Banabe. They "had just 

 commenced their settlement, when two other canoes arrived from a land to the southeast called 

 Amoi " (Samoa) ; and '• for some time "the two parties lived together in harmony." — Within a. com- 

 paratively recent period, a great change has taken place in the condition of the people : "the grand- 

 father of the present king of Apamama, more than a hundred years ago, visited every island of the 

 group, for the purpose of seeing what he considered the world. At present, from the hostility which 

 prevails between the different clusters, such an undertaking would be impossible." 



Cassia Occidenlalis of Tropical and Subtropical America. Called in Brazil " gajamarioba " 

 (Lindl.), and possibly known to the Polynesians as earl)- as this date : — observed by myself seem- 

 ingly wild on the lava-covered portion of Hawaii, but usually occurring in waste places around dwell- 

 ings as on Taheiti and the Samoan Islands, and regularly cultivated on Tongatabu. Eastward, was 

 observed by E. James on the Upper Arkansas along the Rocky mountains, and therefore probably 

 indigenous ; by Nuttall, lower down on the Arkansas ; and is known to occur in waste places and cul- 

 tivated ground from Virginia to Florida (Ell, Chapm., and A. Gray) ; was observed by Sloane ii. pi. 

 176, Swartz, and Macfadyen, in the West Indies ; by Martius in Brazil, everywhere near dwellings, 

 and spreading rapidly (Lindl.). By European colonists was carried Westward across the Pacific to 

 the Philippines, called in Tagalo " balatongaso " or " tighiman,'' its seeds while tender eaten by boys 

 (Blanco) ; to Australia (R. Brown cong. 58 to 61) ; to Burmah, "occasionally noticed in native cul- 

 tivation for medicinal uses " and called '■ ka-lau " (Mason) ; to Hindustan, having no Sanscrit name 

 (Pidd.), but called in Tamil " payaverei," in Malabar " payavera," in Telinga " cashanda " (Drur.), 

 observed by Roxburgh, and Wight, and now according to Drury " common everywhere," by Graham 

 as far as Bombay abundant in the rains "among rubbish in the neighbourhood of villages," by myself 

 around villages in the dry season ; to Eastern Equatorial Africa, observed by Grant from " Gondo- 

 koro 5 N." along the Nile, by Delile in gardens at Cairo : also by European colonists was carried 

 across the Atlantic to Western Equatorial Africa, where it is cultivated by Negro tribes (Benth. fl. 

 nigr., and A. Dec), probably for baths and fomentations and the leaves smeared with grease for an 

 adhesive plaster, as among their descendants in the West Indies (Macfad.). Transported to Europe, 

 is described by Commelyn hoit. i. pi. 96; and is termed "c. americana foetida" by Tournefort inst. 



One hundred and sixty-seventh generation. Sept. 1st, 1267, onward mostly beyond youth: the 

 Chinese astronomer Ko-cheou-king : the Hindustanee writer Khusrau of Delhi d. 1315: the Jewish 

 writers, Gerson ben Solomon, Nachmanides, Abraham Abulafia ben Samuel : the Arab writers, Ebn 

 Khallikan the biographer d. 1282, Saad ben Manssur Ibn Kemunat, Kaswyny d. 12S3 : the Armenian 

 writer Vahram : the Greek writers Acropolites d. 1282, Gregorius Cyprius d. after 12S0, Nicephorus 

 Chumnus d. 1300, and Ephraemius d. after 1300: Gulielmus de Baldensal, Jacobus de Yoragine, Wil- 

 liam of Piacenza, and Lanfranc : the jurist Durandus ; Henry of Ghent; Albertet ; John" de' Join- 

 ville ; Rutebeuf: the Russian theologian Cyril of Kief: the scholastic theologians, Udalricus 

 Argentinensis, Rupertus de Russia, Aegidius Romanus, Richardus de media Villa, Henricus a Gan- 



