OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 753 



davo, Joannes Parisiensis, Thomas Aquinas, and Bonaventura : the last of the troubadours, Esteve 

 de Bezier : the zoologists, Conrad d'Halberstadt, Guillaume de Normandie, Richard de Furnival 

 (Pouch.) : the botanists, Alfredus d. 1268, and Henri Arviel (Pouchet): the painters, Andrea Taffi d. 

 1294, Tommaso de Stefani d. 1310, Giovanni Cimabue d. 1300. 



"The same year" (J. Glen in Orient, transl. lond.) end of the history of Armenia by Vartan. 



" The same year " (Marco Polo, and Pauth. 353), a new city near Canbalu completed by Khou- 

 bilai-Khan for his seat of government : in other words, founding of the city of Pekin. 



In this year (= 543 B. C. — " 1809 years " in Mahavams. lxxxvii.), in Ceylon under king Para- 

 ckramabahoo II. parts of the Budhist Scriptures translated by high priests. 



" In or about this year" (Blair), "the police of the city of Paris established" by the first regu- 

 lator Stephen Boileau. 



The spherical form of the earth, " li monde est reont," maintained by Brunetto Latini tresor 

 (Pouchet). 



" 1268, Apr. 16th " (Nicol.), a synod in London. A decree was " published, To remedy the dis- 

 orders occasioned by the civil war." 



"1269 A. D." (F. Mason ii. 24), in Burmah, death of Narapadisaethu, king of Pugan ; after 

 founding in the latter part of his reign the city of Martaban, and leaving there thirty families "to take 

 care of the pagoda " He was succeeded by his son Nandaraza. 



" 1270 A. D." (rudim. chron. Lond.), the " Establishments," a body of laws by Louis IX. sup- 

 pressing private wars and trials by wager of battle. 



" 1271 A. D." (Chinese chron. table), by the Western Tartars or the Youan, names first given to 

 their empire. 



Leaves of Tamarix Germanica called " balgou," Glycyrrhiza hirsuta called " nakhalsa,'' and 

 Sanguisorba sp. called " chudou," employed by the Mongols and Bouriates as substitutes for tea — 

 (Klaproth, and Ainsl. mat. ind. i. 1. 228). 



The continuation of the Altaian mountains separating the waters of the Amour from those of the 

 Lena and Lake Baical, called by the Bouriates from remote antiquity* " Iableni-Daba" — (Pall. trav. 

 iv. 266). 



Allium sphcerocephalon of Siberia. From early times eaten around Lake Baical, — observed on 

 its shores by Pallas iv. 418. Westward, is described by Micheli u. gen. pi. 24 ; and is known to 

 occur in Italy and Germany (Pers.). 



Polypodium fragrans of East Siberia. A fern called by the Bouriates "serlik," and from early 

 times used as a substitute for tea, — observed by Pallas iv. 418 on rock around Lake Baical 



"In this year" (Danish chron., and Relat. du Groenl. 207), by a strong Northwest wind ice 

 driven in great quantities to Iceland, laden with so many bears and so much wood that the existence 

 of land in that direction beyond Greenland was inferred: and an expedition was sent out, but with- 

 out result. 



" Sept. 1st " (Alst., and Nicol.), Clemens IV. after an interval of " two years and nine months" 

 succeeded by archdeacon Thibaud Visdomini, now Gregorius X., twenty-eighth pope. The same 

 year in France (Alst.), Louis IX. succeeded by Philip III. 



" 1272 A. D." (Way ed. pr. pm. pref.),' Robertus Kylwarbi nominated archbishop of Canterbury 

 by pope Gregorius X. His writings are voluminous, some of them grammatical, — and are quoted 

 by Galfridus pr. pm. 



" 1273 A. D." (Alst., and Blair), Rodolph of Hapsburg made emperor of Germany and Italy, and 

 head of a new dynasty. — Continued in the Austrian emperors to the present day. 



" In the Thirteenth century " (according to Mirbel, in Pouchet), herbaria or collections of dried 

 plants first formed. 



As early perhaps as this century (native tradition, and Ciez. Hi), at Santa Elena point of the Gulf 

 of Guayaquil, arrival of reputed "giants " in "boats made of reeds, as big as large ships " (Japanese 

 junks?), men of large stature having large eyes, "hair reaching to the shoulders," and no beards; 

 they "were dressed in the skins of animals, others only in the dress which nature gave them, and 

 they had no women with them." Landing, they "made a sort of village," and in the absence of fresh 

 water duo- "very deep wells " in the living rock until they procured a supply, and then lined them with 

 endurino- " masonry from top to bottom." The wells — are regarded by Cieza de Leon as certainly 

 " executed by very strong men." 



Convolvulus {Batatas) edulis of Tropical America. The sweet-potato from Easter Island and 

 Taheiti to Northern New Zealand is called " gumalla " or "gumarra" or " umara " (Forst. esc. 56), 

 on Taheiti "umara" (Bert), on the Hawaiian Islands " ouala " (Gaud.) or " uala " (Hale), in Bra- 



* Cornus alba of East Siberia. A shrub that gave its name to the " Oulan-Bourgassen " river 

 of the Bouriates, a tributary of Lake Baical— (Pall. iv. 359). 



95 



