OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 755 



in the environs of Bombay " rattaloo " or " sukur-kund " or " sukurid-kind " (Graham), and known 

 to be very generally cultivated throughout Hindustan as far as Scinde (Roxb., and Burnes). The 

 white sweet-potato, its roots really tuberous and not fusiform nor pointed, may prove a distinct spe- 

 cies ; it is the kind generally cultivated on the Hawaiian Islands, was observed by Blanco on the 

 Philippines, and according to Mason is applied by the Burmese to wounds with poisoned arrows. 



Physalis Peruviana of Tropical America. The cape gooseberry or cherry tomato, called in 

 Carib '■ sousourou-scurou " (Desc), in Tagalo " potocan " (Blanco) ; and carried to the islands of 

 the Pacific as early possibly as this date : — observed by myself on the Hawaiian, Taheitian, Samoan, 

 Tongan, and Feejeean Islands, and New Zealand, occurring as a weed only and everywhere neglected 

 by the natives : by Blanco, on the Philippines ; by Mason v. 455, "exotic" in Burmah ; by Roxburgh, 

 in Hindustan ; by Graham, " cultivated in gardens " in the environs of Bombay, and " a plant very 

 much resembling this" seemingly "wild on the banks of the Yena and other moist places Maha- 

 bleshwur." Eastward, the '.■ cerezilla " fruit was seen by Cieza de Leon xlvi at Puerto Viejo, North 

 of Guayaquil; P. Peruviana by Feuillee iii. 51, and Ruiz and Pavon, in Peru; by myself, on dried- 

 up portions of the river-bed near Lima, and in a similar locality North of Valparaiso ; by Descour- 

 tilz, in the West Indies. By European colonists, was carried to Southeast Australia, observed by 

 myself already naturalized, and about 1830 to Southwest Australia by James Drummond (A. Dec.) ; 

 to the Mauritius Islands (Boj.) ; to St. Helena and Madeira, observed by myself ; to Northeast 

 America, where I found it cultivated in our Middle States. Transported to Europe, is described by 

 Morison xiii. pi. 3, has become naturalized in Southern Spain (Boiss. voy. ii. 436, and Dun.), and 

 apparently the same species in Sicily (Guss. i. 270, and A. Dec). 



"1274, May 7th to July 17th" (Alst., and Nicol.), Fourteenth general ecclesiastical Council. 

 Assembled at Lyons ; the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII. and other Greeks being present. The 

 "Greek and Latin churches were re-united." Rodolph of Hapsburg was confirmed as emperor of 

 Germany and Italy. The mendicant Orders of monks were reduced to four; twenty-three being 

 abolished. Bowing or "bending the knee" at the name of Jesus, was instituted. And laws were 

 made on the future election of popes. 



" 1275 A. D." (ann. Jap., and art de verif.), abdication of Kame-jamma in favour of his eldest son 

 Gouda or Go-ou-da, now ninetieth dairo of Japan. 



" The same year = ' te-yeou,' 1st year of Ti-hien '' or Koung-tsoung, of the Soung or Twenty-first 

 dynasty — (Chinese chron. table). 



" May 26th " (Nicol.), a synod at Constantinople. Joannes Veccus was elected patriarch of 

 Constantinople. 



"The same year" (Nicol.), a synod at Lunden. The interdict imposed on Denmark for nine 

 years, was removed. 



" The same year" (Lubke and Lutrow), in Germany, the cathedral at Regensburg commenced.— 

 The building was finished "in 1618." 



'• In or about this year (= 674 A. H., coram. June 26th," Hadji-Khalfa, Gildem., and De Sacy 

 chrest.), Kaswini writing. He speaks of " Gava " (Java), and the Chinese exchanging their wares 

 there ; sailing no farther" West, on account as they allege of the diversity of religions and the dis- 

 tance. 



Also of "Sarandib" (Ceylon) containing a footstep of "Adam the father of us all: " of many 

 Magians (Parsees) reading on the island and Muslims associated with them ; and of the burning of 

 the widow of the native king with the corpse of her dead husband. Of the island of " Salameth in the 

 Indian Sea," where there are fishes that ascend trees (Anabas scan-dens). 



And of Mansura, a city on the Indus founded by the second Abbassid khalif for the seat of 

 government of the Muslim prefects. 



" 1276 A. D. = 'king-yen,' 1st year of Touan-tsoung, of the Soung" or Twenty-first dynasty — 

 (Chinese chron. table). 



T/iea laxa? of Japan. "Some six centuries ago" (Jap. centen. coram. 106), the tea plant found 

 "o-rowin<r in the province of Suriga," to all appearance indigenous, — and its qualities "led to its cul- 

 tivation.''' T. laxa was observed in Japan by Kaempfer pi. 606, but is regarded as not distinct from 



"The same year" (Malay ann., Raffles x, and Crawfurd vii. 11), Sekander Shah succeeded at 

 Malaca by Mahomed Shah. Who adopted the Mohammedan religion, and took possession of the 

 islands of Lingga and Bintan. 



"Feb 21st" (Alst., and Nicol.), Gregorius X. succeeded by cardinal Peter de Tarentaise or 

 Innocentius V., a scholastic theologian. "July nth," by cardinal Ottobone di Fresco or Hadrianus V, 

 who died " Au°- 16th " without having been " consecrated pope or ordained a priest." And " Sept. 

 13th," by cardinal Joao Pedro of Portugal, now Joannes XXL, thirty-first pope. Edward ruling 

 England. 



