760 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



according to Lindley as far as "the Levant," its medicinal properties "similar in effect to P. sax- 

 ifraga." 



Potent ilia recta of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. The seven-leaved q U I n q U 6- 

 fOLlUITl of Simeon de Cordo of Genoa — is referred here by Sprengel: P. recta is termed " penta- 

 phyllum maius " by Brunfels ii. 33, "quinquefolium rectum luteum" by Tournefort inst. 297; was 

 observed by Sibthorp, and Gittard in Southern Greece ; and is known to occur along walls and on the 

 margin of cultivated ground in middle Europe (Jacq. austr. pi. 383, Crantz, Lam. fl. fr., Lap., 

 and Pers). 



Imperatoria ostruthium of Northern Europe, and about mountains farther South. Called in 

 Britain master-wort (Prior) : the OStrutlum of Simeon Januensis — is referred here by Rhodius 

 coram. Scrib. Larg. 10: I. ostruthium is described by Anguillara p. 211 ; was received from Ferrante 

 Imperato of Naples by C. Bauhin pin. iv. 1 ; is termed "i. major" by Tournefort inst. 317 ; and is 

 known to grow along the base of the Alps from France to Austria, and in " moist meadows and 

 woods" as far as the Baltic and Sweden (Pers., Koch, Fries, and Lindl.) ; but in Britain is regarded 

 as not certainly indigenous (Blackw. pi. 279, Engl. bot. pi. 1380, Wats., and A. Dec). Eastward, 

 the "kumenokarnavathin" of Maximus Planudes morb. may be compared: I. ostruthium was ob- 

 served by Sibthorp in waste places on Cyprus. By European colonists, was carried to Madeira 

 ( ); to Iceland (Wats.) ; and to Newfoundland, where it was observed by Pilaye (Dec). Accord- 

 ing to Burnett, and Lindley, the umbels are flattish " eight or ten inches wide," and the root " acrid 

 and bitter, it is used as a masticatory in toothache, and many writers speak well of it as a febrifuge." 

 (See Saponaria officinalis.) 



Blcchnum boreale of Western Europe. Called in Britain hard fern from the rigid texture of the 

 frond (Prior) : the C 1 1 r I U m of Simeon Januensis — is referred here by Manardus : B. boreale is 

 termed ''waldt asplenon " by Tragus i. pi. 188, as observed by him in the woods of Germany; is 

 known to grow also as far as Britain. 



"Nov. nth" (Nicol.), a synod at Saltzburg. " Forbidding the bishops to render homage to the 

 lay lord of the province." 



" In this year (= 687 A. H." of Ferisht, Elph.), Kei Kobad succeeded by Jelal-u-din, a Khilji 

 "seventy" years of age and now eleventh sultan of Delhi. 



"1289 A. D." (Garc de la Vega), rebellion of the Chancas, the first in Peruvian history: the 

 Chancas defeated in battle at Yuhuar-Pampa near Cuzco, and abdication of the fleeing Yahuarhuacac 

 in favour of his son Ripac or Huira-cocha or Viracocha, now eighth Inca of Peru.* — Yiracocha added 

 a province to the empire ; and constructed a canal one hundred and twenty leagues long, to irrigate 

 the province of Chinchasuyu. The mummy of Viracocha, " that of a very old man " (Markham edit. 

 Ciez. p. Ii), and those of four other Incas were seen by G. de la Vega in 1 560 in an apartment at Cuzco. 



" 1290 A. D." (art de verif.), Kalaobn succeeded by Khalyl, eighth Memhik sultan of Egypt. 



"In this year" (Way ed. Pr. pm 267), the Jews totally expelled from England by Edward I. 

 In Italy (Lubke and Lutrow), building of the cathedral at Orvieto. 



The same year = " 1216 an. jav.," date of a Javan inscription in which "the descendants of 

 Prabu " are mentioned — (according to the translation in Raffles append. 9). 



"1291, May 19th" (Blair), the city of Ptolemais re-taken by sultan . . the finishing blow 



to the crusades. 



"The same year" (Alst), a synod in London. A decree, That no one should give estates to the 

 priesthood, nor the priesthood be allowed to purchase without the king's consent. 



" 1292, March 17th " (Nicol.), a synod at Bremen. "Against those who imprisoned bishops." 



"The same year" (Nicol.). a synod at Chichester. A statute, Forbidding "the depasturing 

 of cattle in churchyards." 



"In this year (=691 A. H." of Ferisht., Elph.), invasion of the Punjab by Mogul Tartars 

 repelled by sultan Jelal-u-din. On this occasion, " three thousand " of the enemy joined his standard, 

 soon after embraced the Mahometan religion, and a place in the suburbs of Delhi was assigned for 

 their residence — to the present day called Moghulpura. 



" 1293 A. D." (art de verif.), Khalyl succeeded by Beydarah ; and after a single day, by Naser, 

 tenth Memluk sultan of Egypt. Besides his mosque and tomb at Cairo, Naser built bridges, foun- 

 tains, academies, and other works of public utility. A copper coin issued by him, is figured in 

 Marcel p. 172. 



* Porlicra hygvomctrica of Western Peru. A rigid Zygophylloid bush, closing its leaflets on 

 the approach of rain, and called in Peru " turucasa," employed medicinally from early times, — its 

 properties being similar to those of guaiacum (Lindl.) : observed by Ruiz and Pavon prodr. pi. 9 

 among rubbish in sunny situations in Peru (Pers.) ; and according to Lindley extending into Chili. 



