762 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Chapman, in "sands along the coast, Florida to North Carolina," its palm-like trunk « four to eight 

 feet hiijh." Transported to England, its introduction is recorded by < icrarde ; the plant is described 

 also by Parkinson, C. Commelyn, and Dillehius cltli. pi. 3^4; was observed by Clot-Bey in Egypt, 

 under cultivation by European residents; and has recently been introduced into Hindustan (Lush, 

 and Graham). 



In this year (= "Jan. 8th, 1305 — 2d — 1 1 years " in litt, Yule cath. 197), arrival at Pekin of 

 the first Catholic missionary, John of Montecorvino. He was treated with great respect, — built 

 churches, and remained until his death in 1328 (= " 1336 — 8 years " in litt. emb. Chin , Yule 314). 



"Towards the close of the Thirteenth century" (Pouchet), the earliest treatise on hunting 

 issued. — The " Livre du roi .Modus" followed, written in the first part of the Fourteenth century. 



"1294, March 9th" (Nicol.), a synod at Saumur. A statute, Prohibiting "the imposition of 

 pecuniary penalties in confession." 



"July 5th" (Alst, and Nicol.), Nicolaus IV. succeeded by Peter de Morone or Celestinus V. : 

 who, abdicating and retiring into a monastery, was succeeded " Dec. 24th " by cardinal Benedict 

 Gaetano, now Bonifacius VIII., thirty-seventh pope. Adolphus of Nassau ruling Germany and Italy; 

 and John Baliol, Scotland. 



"In this year (=693 A. H." of Ferisht., Elph.), Ala-u-din, nephew of sultan Jelal-u-din, pro- 

 ceeding Southward with an army "about seven hundred miles" unexpectedly fell upon Deogiri 

 (Dowlatabad), defeated the Mahratta king Ramdeo, and compelled a ransom and cession of terri- 

 tory. 



From China returning by sea, .Marco Polo 160 visited " Cianba " (Tsiompa) ; and Java, where 

 the Muslims had introduced their religion. He also speaks of the Greater Java (Sumatra ?), regarded 

 by mariners as "the largest island" in the world ; of " Necuveran " (Nicobar Islands) where the 

 people go naked and have no king; of " Angaman " (Andaman Islands) ; and of the "Cariaines 

 which is spread over Ava " (the earliest historical notice of the Karens, according to Mason in beng. 

 as. soc. vii.). 



On reaching " Sedan " (Ceylon), Marco Polo 17S found " Adam's Peak " of the Saracens called 

 " the monument of Sergamon Borcam " by the Idolaters. In Hindustan, he saw peacocks "d'autre 

 faison qe ne sunt les notres " (PaTO cristatus) : and ascertained, That ships from China came to 

 '• Melibar; " and merchandise was carried thence Westward to Alexandria (1. c. 157, 183). 



On Aral) authority, the home of the legendary bird "rue" is placed by Marco Polo 191 on 

 " Madagascar " (evidence, that the fossil gigantic lurii-cggs occurring there were alreadv known). 

 This island and " Zanghibar " were the principal seat of the trade in elephants' tectli (brought of course 

 from Interior Africa). The people of the former island were Muslim, and of the latter, all Idolaters 

 (a statement which seems to imply, that the Arabs had not as yet occupied Zanzibar). — Continuing 

 his return Westward, Marco Polo reached Europe in " 121)5." 



"The same year " (Yule cath. 1. 87), date of an inscription on Java by Uttungadewa, claiming to 

 be sovereign over the whole island, having subjected "five kings." About this time an envov from 

 Khoubilai demanding homage and tribute insulted and sent back : — an avenging expedition by the 

 Chinese was repelled (Yule, and Odoric 21). 



" 1295 A. D. = ' youan-tching,' 1st year of " Timour-Khan or " Tching-tsoung, of the Youan " or 

 Twenty-second dynasty — (Chinese chron. table). 



"July 19th (= 695, Ramzan 17" of Ferisht., Elph.), Jelal-u-din succeeded by his nephew Ala-u- 

 din, now twelfth sultan of Delhi. — One of his maxims was, That religion has no connection with 

 civil government. 



" The same year "(.... rudim. chron. Lond.), letters of marque first granted to privateers. By 

 Edward king of England, against the Portuguese. 



1296 A. D. (= " 1221 an. jav.," Raffles x.), in Java, Raden Tanduran son of Munding Wangi and 

 lawful heir finding himself excluded from the go\ eminent, left New 1'ajajaran and proceeding East- 

 ward founded Majapaliit. Here he was joined by adherents enough to establish a rival kingdom,— 

 and war ensued with his half-brother Chiong Wanara. 



" In this year" (Lubke and Lutrow), the cathedral at Florence commenced. 



"In this year" (transl. in mel. Remus, iii. 102), visit of a Chinese official to Tchin-la or Cam- 

 bodia.* He found there men versed in astronomy, who predicted eclipses both of the sun and moon, 



* A'agcia Japonic* of Japan. Called there " yamamomo," and furnishing perhaps the wooden 

 combs enumerated by the Chinese official as imported into Cambodia from China: — its wood used 

 in Japan for making these implements (Thumb, trav.) ; and its bark, in the process of dyeing (Jap. 

 centen. comm. 31 and So) : N. Japonica is described also by Kaempfer amoen. v. pi. 874. 



Cymbidium striatum of Japan. The " jonc appele" Ian" enumerated by the Chinese official as 



