764 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



by Mac Gowan, around the "base of hills from Cochinchina to Yellow river" (Royle fihr.) ; by 

 Kaempfer, and Thunberg, growing abundantly in Southern Japan ; by Blanco, frequent in Northern 

 Luzon ; is known to occur on Celebes and Borneo, and its fibres are exported from Sumatra ; accord- 

 ing to Masoli v. 519, is " exotic " in Burmah, cultivated around Ava and recently in Tavoy ; was 

 observed by Roxburgh, Royle, and Wight, under cultivation in Hindustan, the fibres according to 

 Lankester " second to none in strength and beauty " are " used throughout the East for making tex- 

 tile fabrics " (Drur.). Transported to Europe, was thence according to Clot-Bey introduced by the 

 way of France into Egypt, where it is now successfully cultivated. 



" 1297 A. D." (Nicol.), a synod at Constantinople. Respecting an anathema pronounced by the 

 patriarch Athanasius against the emperor. 



" In this year (= 697 A. H." of Ferisht., Elph.), by Sultan Ala-u-din of Delhi, Guzerat con- 

 quered, and-now placed under Muslim government. 



" The same year " (rudim. chron. Lond.), in England, king Edward compelled to a solemn confir- 

 mation of Magna Charta ; with the addition, That no tax shall be levied without the consent of the 

 knights, citizens, and burgesses, assembled in parliament. Regarded as the origin of the present 

 constitution of parliament. 



" 129S A. D." (Blair), on the Asiatic side of the Bosphorus in Bithynia, the Greek armies de- 

 feated by Osman or Othman. Regarded as the beginning of the Turkish empire ; a new phase in 

 the progress of the Muslims. 



" Before the close of the 13th century (= a patrum memoria " of Petrarch, Major edit. Bethenc), 

 Lancerote, one of the Canary Islands, visited by Lancelote Malocello, a Genoese. A castle said to 

 have been built bv him — continued extant in the days of Bethencourt 32. 



Plocama paidula of the Canary Islands. A. Rubiaceous plant called in Guanche " balo " 

 (Webb), and known from early times. — Transported to Europe, described by Aiton i. 292, and 

 Gmelin syst. 390 (Pers.). 



Buphtlialmum . . sp. of the Canary Islands. Called there "joriada" (Webb), and known 

 from early times. B. scriceum, with a tree-like trunk, — is known to grow on Teneriffe (Pers.) : and 

 from transported specimens is described by the younger Linnaeus. 



Canarina campanula of the Canary Islands. A sort of bell-flower called in Guanche " bica- 

 caro " (Webb), and known from early times. — Transported to Europe, is described by Plukenet aim. 

 pi. 276, and Linnaeus. 



I'isnca mocanera of the Canary Islands. Called in Guanche " mocan " (Webb), and known 

 from early times: — growing in mountain woods (Pers.). From transported specimens, described by 

 Linnaeus the younger, and Jussieu. . 



Convolvulus floriilns of the Canary Islands. A shrubby prostrate species full of beautiful flow- 

 ers, called in Guanche " guaydil " (Webb), and known from early times : — growing on the rocks of 

 Teneriffe (Pers.). Transported to Europe, is described by Linnaeus the younger, and Jacquin pi. 34. 



Digitalis Canariensis of the Canary Islands. Called there " nota (gnota)," and known from 

 early times — (Webb). Received from the Canaries (Pers.), is described by Plukenet aim. pi. 525, 

 Commelyn hort. ii. pi. 53, and Linnaeus. 



Cnconim pulverulentum of the Canary Islands. Called in Guanche " orixama " (Webb), and 

 known from early times: — growing on Teneriffe (Pers.). Transported to Europe, described by 

 Linnaeus, and Ventenat hort. eels. pi. 77. 



" 1299 A. D." (art de verif. ), Fusimi succeeded by his son Fusimi II. or Go-Fusimi, now at the 

 age of eleven dairo of Japan. 



" The same year " (Nicol.), a synod at Constantinople. Convened by the emperor Andronicus 

 II., To annul the marriage of his nephew. The marriage was notwithstanding declared valid. 



Corchoius capsulars of Tropical Eastern Asia. An annual erect plant eaten as a potherb like 

 C. olitorius, and having the same Sanscrit name " putta," called in Bengalee "put" (Royle) or "ghi- 

 nalita pat " (Drur.), in Tagalo " pasao na bilog " (Blanco) ; and the ku^ikov, so called according to 

 Actuarius from its involved capsules, and employed by him medicinally — ( Ruel ii. 5), maybe com- 

 pared: C. capsularis was seen in Hindustan by Rumphius v. pi. 78 ; by Graham, "common in Bom- 

 bay, springing up in gardens and cultivated grounds," by Nimmo farther North and South "in both. 

 Concans;" by Wight, in other parts of the peninsula; and by Roxburgh, and Royle, extensively 

 cultivated especially in Bengal for its fibres called jute, of which gunny bags are made. Farther East, 

 by Mason v. 521 "a common weed " in Burmah, enumerated as indigenous ; is known to be cultivated 

 in China; and was observed by Blanco on the Philippines. Transported to Europe, is described by 

 Plukenet aim. pi. 255. 



"1300 A. D." (Alst, and Nicol.), the "jubilaeum" instituted by pope Bonifacius VIII. 

 Commencing the year " at Christmas, which custom was followed by nearly all his successors in the 

 Fourteenth century " (see above). 



