OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 765 



" As early as this date " (German archaeologists, and Bryan diet, paint.), playing-cards in use in 

 Europe. 



" In or about this year " (Velasco, and Markh. edit. G. de la Vega ii. p. 348), Caran succeeded 

 by Duchicala now twelfth scyri of Quito. 



One hundred and sixty-eighth generation. Jan. 1st, 1301, onward mostly beyond youth: the Per- 

 sian writer Munsur Mohammed wr. 1300 (Ainsl.) : the Jewish writers, Isaac Israeli ben Joseph, 

 Jacob ben Machir, Esthori Parchi, Isaac Lattas ben Jehuda, Kalonymos, Benjamin ben Jehuda: the 

 Greek writers, Manuel Philes, Nicephorus Callistus d. after 1327, Thomas Magister d. 1310, Pachy- 

 meses d. after 1310, Maximus Planudes d. after 1327: Marsilius Patavinus, Dante: Nicolaus Alex- 

 andrinus ; Bernard de Gordon ; Ermengaud Blasius : the scholastic theologians, J. Duns Scotus, 

 Augustinus de Ancona, Alanus, Petrus Aureolus, Antonius Andrea?, Durandus a. s. Portiano, Her- 

 vaeus Natalis, and Franciscus Mayronis : the botanists, Albertus de Saxonia, and Petrus Apono d. 

 13 14 (Pouch.) : the painter Giotto d. 1336. 



" The same year " (Schouw. xii.), a lava-stream issuing on the isle of Ischia in the bay of Naples. 

 "In or about this year" (Steinschneid. ii. 12), short dissertations by various celebrated Chris- 

 tian writers, translated into Hebrew by Jehuda ben Moses of Rome ; to show his brethren, " That 

 the Christian nation is not destitute of all true science." 



" In this year (= 5th of the ' ta-tS ' of the Yuan dynasty," geogr. Chin, transl. Klapr.), a military 

 government together with a naval station established on Tan-lo or Ouelpaerts Island. 



" 1302 A. D." (art de verif.), abdication of Fusimi II. in favour of Nidsio II. or Go-Nidsio, 

 eldest son of Gouda, and now dairo of Japan. 



"Apr. 10th" (Nicol.), a synod at Paris. Convened by Philip IV. le Bel, who had imprisoned the 

 bishop of Pamiers ; On a Bull "in favour of that prelate " sent by pope Bonifacius VIII. 



" Oct. 30th " (Nicol.), a synod at Rome. Philip IV. le Bel was threatened by the pope. And 

 the decretal " Unam Sanctam " was composed ; tending to prove, " That the pope possesses the right 

 of appointing, correcting, and deposing sovereigns." 



" 1303, March 12th " (Nicol.), a synod at Paris : and the pope "accused of heresy, simony, and 

 other crimes." In another synod "June 13th," the accusation was repeated; and "before Septem- 

 ber," upwards of " seven hundred acts of appeal, consent, and adhesion, from ecclesiastical bodies, 

 bishops, and others " were obtained by Philip IV. le Bel. 



" In this year" (Markham edit, note p. 92), the city of Sultanieh in Persia founded by Mohammed 

 Khodah Bundah, of the house of Jenghiz and the first Persian ruler of the sect of Ali. 



Periploca Graca of the Tauro-Caspian countries. A woody-stemmed climber called in Greece 

 " galaxitha " (Sibth.), by the Russians " svidina," and known from early times, — observed by Sokolof 

 along the Kouma within sight of Caucasus (Pall. trav. v. 218) ; by Sibthorp, in hedges in Bithynia 

 and on mount Athos ; is known to occur also in Syria (Pers.). Transported West, is described by 

 Gesner, Matthioli, Lobel, Camerarius, C. Bauhin, and Tournefort inst. 93. Was observed by Osbeck 

 on the seashore near Canton ; and clearly by European colonists was carried to Northeast America, 

 where escaping from cultivation it has been observed by myself seemingly wild near Salem, and 

 according to A. Gray also " near Rochester '' N. Y. 



"Aug. 1 6th (=3d moharram A. H. 733" of Abul Fazl, Orient, transl. lond.), the fortress of 

 Chaitur captured by sultan Ala-ad-din of Delhi. "The non-military inhabitants having refrained 

 from taking any share in the defence, were permitted to remain secure from slaughter." Fenshta 

 places the event in " A. H. 703 " = 1303 (Elph.). 



" Oct 22d " (Nicol.), Bonifacius VIII. succeeded by cardinal Nicolas Bocasi, now Benedictus X., 

 thirty-eighth pope. Albertus of Austria ruling Germany and Italy. The dispute with Philip IV. le 

 Bel was amicably terminated by pope Benedictus X. 



" ' " 1304 A. D." (Crawfurd vii. 11), the island of Ternate visited by Javanese and Malays to pro- 

 cure cloves, and many of them setlle there. 



" 1305 June 15th" (Alst., and Nicol.), after an interval of "eleven months," Benedictus X. suc- 

 ceeded by Bertrand de Goth archbishop of Bordeaux, now Clemens V., thirty-ninth pope. 



" Sept. 15th to Oct. 5th " (Nicol.), a synod in London. Convened by king Edward, "To con- 

 sider the means of establishing a lasting peace between England and Scotland." 



The writings of Arnoldus de Villanova condemned to be burned by the Inquisition at Tarragona, 

 but accepted and praised by pope Clemens V. - (Pouchet). Arnoldus died "in 1312." 



Dianthtis carthusianorum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A pink included in the 

 tunica he rb\ of Arnoldus, -and others (Fuchs., and Caesalpinus vi. 44) : D. carthusianorum 

 is described by Brunfels ii. 58, and Fuchsius pi. 35^ (Spreng ) ; is termed "caryophyllus sylvestns 

 vulgaris » by Tournefort inst. 333 i and is .known to grow from 5 5° in Russia as far as France, but 

 not in the more humid climate of Scandinavia and Britain (Vill., AIL Scop., and A De c.) ; was 

 observed by Sibthorp around Constantinople and on the Bithyman Olympus ; by D Urville, in the 



