766 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Crimea; and is known to grow from Caucasus to the mouth of the Ural (C. A. Mey., Sokoloff, and 



Ledeb.). 



Diaut/tiis superbits of middle Europe. Called in Germany "wild ne.^ele," and included in the 

 "tunica herba" of Arnoldus, — and others (Fuchs. pi. 353, and Spreng. coram. D. iv. 1) : known to 

 grow from Denmark throughout middle Europe (fl. Dan. pi. 57S, Lam. fl. fr., and Pers.). 



Solidago -uiigaurea of Northern climates. Called in Britain .^Mv/vW (Prior), and the VI rg A 

 ^ UPC A. of Arnoldus — is referred here by Dalechamp and others: S. virgaurea is termed " virga 

 aurea latifolia serrata " by Tournefort inst. 4H4 ; is known to grow throughout middle and Northern 

 Europe as far as Lapland (flor. Dan. pi. 61.3, Engl. bot. pi. 301, and Wats.). Eastward, was observed 

 by Sibthorp on the Bith\nian Olympus and in the environs of Smyrna; by Hasselquist, on the Medi- 

 terranean border of Egypt; is known to grow on Caucasus (Bieb.) and throughout Siberia (Wats ) ; 

 was observed by Thunberg in Japan, called " tojakf " or " senbli " or " senbuli " and used medicinally. 

 Farther East, is known to"grow in Ilaska (Wats.) and throughout Canada; was observed by Colmeis- 

 ter in Labrador (Pursh), and by myself along the Lower St. Lawrence and on the White mountains. 



" 1306 A. D. (= 706 A. H." of Ferisht., Elph.), by sultan Ala-u-din, Malik Cafur sent with an 

 army against Deogiri (Dowlatabad) and the Mahratta king Ram Deo, in the course which the Caves 

 of Ellora are first mentioned. Ram Deo came out of his fort/ ess. accompanied Calur to Delhi where 

 he was received with favour, and returned loaded with honours. 



"In this year" (Humb. cosm. iv.), the triangular configuration of Southern Africa* represented 

 in the map of the world by Marino Sanuto Torsello, — also in the Genoese Portulano Mediceo " 1351," 

 the Planisferio de la Palatina " [417," and the Mappa-mondo of Fra Mauro Camalclolese " 1457-9," 

 known therefore in Europe "178" years before the actual circumnavigation by B. Diaz in "May 

 1487." (The information probably obtained from Arab navigators on the Indian Ocean). 



" In this year "' (F. Mason ii. 26), in Burmah, Magadu or \Va\irau king of Martaban, assassi- 

 nated. He was succeeded by his brother Krunglau : — during whose reign of four years, the city of 

 Maulmain is first mentioned. 



* L'cstruiii I'enenatiun of Austral Africa. A large woody bush ; — said to be employed by the 

 Hottentots to destroy wild beasts by impregnating baits of flesh with its juice; a decoction of the 

 bark reduced to the thickness of jelly, used by them to envenom their arrows (Thunb. fl. 193, and 

 Lindl.). 



Brunsvigia toxica) ia of Austral Africa. An Amaryllis-like plant ; — the viscid juice of the bulbs 

 a dangerous poison, one of the ingredients used by the Bushmen to envenom their arrows, and sup- 

 posed to add most powerfully to the activity of the poison (Patters, trav. pi. 1, Thunb. trav., and 

 Lindl.). As transported to Europe, the plant is described by Ker bot reg. pi. 567, and Aiton i. 405. 



Sidcroxvlunt toxiferum of Austral Africa. Besides the venom of serpents, a third plant whose 

 juice is used by the Hottentots for poisoning arrows — (Thunb. trav. iii. I). 



Curtisia faginea of Austral Africa. Employed bv the Hottentots for the shaft of their javelins, 

 which are pointed with iron — (Thunb. iii. 4, and Soland.). 



Cyperus lextilis of Austral Africa. Fine mats made of rushes, and principally of this plant, by 

 the Hottentots— (Thunb.). 



Restio dichotomus of Austral Africa. Employed by the Hottentots for making brooms and thatch- 

 ing dwellings — (Thunb.). From transported specimens, described by Linnaeus, and Rottboell pi. 2. 



Roritiula deulata of Austral Africa. Placed in dwellings for the purpose of catching flies — 

 (Thunb.) : described also by Burmann. And from transported specimens, by Linnaeus. 



Among the woods suitable for making implements, Citnouia, I'riclulia Capeusis, Curtisia, Olea 

 ■ven-ucosa, 0. Cape/zsis, Gardenia T/twibeigia, G. Rotliinaiutia, Rovena viitosa, I 'ir-ji/ia Capensis, 

 J'rotea grandiflora, P. barbata, JSrabejmn stellitlifoliiuii, and J lex eroeea, — are enumerated by Thun- 

 berg. 



Mimosa Capends of Austral Africa. Furnishing charcoal — (Thunb.). 



Caroeylon sahola of Austral Africa. An irregular leafless shrub six feet high, growing through- 

 out the Karro, and used as a substitute for soap — (Thunb., and Pers.). From transported specimens, 

 described by the younger Linnaeus suppl. 173. 



Carissa arditiiia of Austral Africa. A thorny shrub called " gatagay,'' the berries said to be 

 eaten by the Hottentots, — the root also eaten in Austral .Africa (Thunb.). Carried to Hindustan in 

 1S37 by A. N. Shaw (Giaham) : and as transported to Europe, described by Miller pi. 300, and 

 Linnaeus. 



Umbellif. incerl. of Austral Africa. An Umbelliferous plant called " gli " by the Hottentots, who 

 obtain from the root, mixing honey, a sort of mead that induces intoxication — (Thunb.). 



Eitfihurbia genistoides of Austral Africa. When eaten, induces retention of urine — (Thunb.). 

 From transported specimens, the plant is described by Linnaeus. 



