OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 769 



and supposed by his party to be the " locust : " R. pseudacacia is known to be indigenous among the 

 Alleghanies from Lat. 40° (F. A. Mx.) to Carolina (Ell ) ; was observed by F. A. Michaux, and 

 myself, indigenous along the Ohio ; by Darby, as far as Natchitoches on Red river ; by E. James, on 



seen by Hariot on the Roanoke (De Bry i.) ; "ground nutts," by Newport on James river ; "ground- 

 nuts," by Gosnold on Elizabeth Island, and according to a Latin poem and one in English attributed 

 to Bradford, proved a resource to the Plymouth colonists during the famine a year after their arrival : 

 A. tuberosa was received by Hooker from Lat. 47 on the Lower St. Lawrence ; was observed by 

 myself along the Atlantic from 43 to 39 ; by Michaux, from Virginia to Carolina and Illinois ; by 

 Croom, near Newbern ; by Elliot, in South Carolina; by N. A. Ware, in West Florida; by Bartram, 

 as far as 28 ; by Chapman, in " swamps, Florida to Mississippi, and northward ; " by Nuttall, on the 

 Arkansas ; by Long's Expedition, on the Platte. Transported to Europe, is described by Cornuti 

 pi. 76. 



Cerasus serotina of Northeast America. The rum cherry or American black cherry is a large 

 tree known to the natives from early times, and its fruit eaten : — • " cherry-trees " were seen by New- 

 port on James river ; " wild cherries " are enumerated by the remonstrants against Stuyvesant as 

 growing on the Hudson ; and wild cherries " blackish red when ripe and of a harsh taste," by Josselyn 

 rar. 60 in New England, who further states that " transplanted and manured they grow exceeding 

 fair: " near the sea, C. serotina has been observed by myself only in the cultivated state; but was 

 found by F. A. Michaux in Maine, and is known to grow on the Mississippi as far as St. Peter's 

 river 45 (Long's Exp. ii. 222); was observed by A. Gray in "woods, common" (in central New 

 York) ; by F. A. Michaux, on the Genessee, and abounding in Ohio, Illinois, Kentucky, and Ten- 

 nessee ; by Chapman, in "woods, Florida to Mississippi, and northward ;" by Darby, in Opelousas ; 

 and by Nuttall, on the Arkansas. Transported to Europe, is described by Miller, and Ehrhart 

 iii. 20. 



Opuntia vulgaris of the alluvial Atlantic border of North America. The prickly pear, known 

 to the natives from early times, and its fruit eaten: the " metaquesunnauk " of the natives on the 

 Roanoke — is described by Hariot as an elegant fruit of the shape and almost as large as our "piro- 

 rum," red without and within, growing on a plant whose leaves are full of prickles (De Bry i.) : 

 " prickle peare," the same as seen on Bermuda, was found by Strachey on James river : and " Spanish 

 fiir S which o-row out of the leaves" are mentioned by the remonstrants against Stuyvesant: O. vul- 

 garis is known to grow from Nantucket (A. Gray) and 42 on the Hudson throughout peninsular 

 New Jersey (C. P.); was observed by Nuttall from New Jersey to Florida; by Elliot, in South 

 Carolina ; by Chapman, in " dry sandy soil, Florida and northward, near the coast." Transported 

 to Europe, is described by Io. Robin pi. 7. 



Ayssa multiflora of Northeast America. The black gum or upland fupelo, a tree known to the 

 natives from early times : — known to grow from Lat. 41° along the Atlantic (Torr.) ; observed by 

 Marshall, F. A. Michaux, and myself, from Lat. 40 ; by F. A. Michaux, in Georgia, Tennessee, 

 and Kentucky; by Elliot, in South Carolina; by Chapman, in "rich upland woods, Florida to Mis- 

 sissippi, and northward;" by Darby 117, to 31 in Louisiana. 



Ayssa bijlora of Northeast America. The swamp titpelo, known to the natives from early 

 times: the " wenomesippaguash " of the Narragansets — is referred by R. Williams to the "vine 

 tree ■ '' and " the home bound tree that to be cloven scornes " was observed by W. Wood " growing 

 with'broad-spread arms, the vines twist their curling branches about them, which vines afford great 

 store of crapes" (V. labrusca) : N. biflora has been observed by myself along the Atlantic from 43 

 30' to 41° • by F. A. Michaux, from the lower part of New Hampshire to Pennsylvania ; by Pursh, 

 in Virginia and Carolina ; by Elliot, in South Carolina ; by Chapman, in "swamps, Florida to North 

 Carolina, and westward;" by Nuttall, in Lat. 3 4° ™ the Arkansas, and by E. James as far as the 



Canadian branch. 



Viburnum dentatum of Northeast America. The arrow-wood- is a large shrub, known from 

 earlv times- the " smale elderne " by the Indian fletchers sought, - observed near Plymouth by 

 W Wood i ? is referred here by Tuckerman : V. dentatum is known to grow from Lat. 4 7° on thi 

 Chaudiere (Hook ) ; has been observed by myself along the Atlantic as far as 39° ; by Schweinitz, 

 at .6° ■ bv Pursh from the mountains of New York to Carolina ; by Elliot, on the mountains of Caro- 

 lina ■ by Baldwin, as far as 3 1°; by Chapman, in " rich damp soil, West Florida to Mississippi, and 

 northward ; " by Short, in Kentucky ; and according to the fl. Mex. seen by Decandolle, grows within 



^Vattttm^amineum of Northeast America. The deerberry known ^ from early times: the 

 "rawcomenes" of the natives on James river, - described by Strachey as "like our goose-berries,' 

 and the "goosberyes" seen there by Newport, are referred here by Forster cat. : V. stamineum is 



97 



