OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 77 I 



Fragaria Virginiana of Northeast America. A strawberry called by the New England natives 

 " wuttahimneash," and from early times bruised with meal in a mortar and made into bread, — further 

 described by R. Williams (hist. coll. iii. 221) as ''the wonder of all the fruits growing naturally" in 



natives on James river, — growing according to Strachey on little trees and very like small acorns ; 

 according to Newport, "little sweete nutts like acorns, a verye good fruite," and again "certaine 

 sweet thynn-shelled nutts " (archaeol. am. iv. 42}: "castaneae '' were seen by Le Moyne in Florida: C. 

 pumila has been observed by myself along the Atlantic from 40 30' ; by F. A. Michaux, from 40° to 

 Florida, West Tennessee, and Louisiana; by Schweinitz, at 36 ; by Catesby i. pi. 9, and Elliot, in 

 South Carolina ; by Chapman, " Florida, and northward ; " by Baldwin, as far as 31°, by Croom to 

 30" 30' ; by Darby, in Opelousas ; by Nuttall, on the Arkansas, and by E. James on the Canadian 

 branch. 



Castanea Americana of Northeast America. The American chestnut, called by the Narragan- 

 sets " wompimish," and canoes sometimes made of its trunk (R. Will. 18), its nuts also dried in a 

 peculiar manner so as to preserve them for a dainty all the year — (Gookin coll. 3) : "chesnuts " were 

 seen by De Soto among the mountains ; " castanearum quantitas," by Hariot on the Roanoke (De 

 Bry i.) ; and " chesnuts," by Higgeson near Salem in New England : C. Americana, by myself along 

 the Atlantic from 44 to 38° ; by Schweinitz, at 36 ; by Elliot, in the middle district of Carolina ; by 

 Chapman, in " West Florida, and northward ; " by F. A. Michaux, on the Alleghanies of Carolina 

 and Cumberland mountains of Tennessee ; and by Short, in Kentucky. 



Corylus Americana of Northeast America. The American hazel used for bows from early 

 times: — "avellane" were seen by Verrazzanus on the coast towards the mouth of the Hudson; 

 "corylus" of which bows were made by the natives, by Hariot on the Roanoke (De Bry i.) ; "fil- 

 berds," by Higgeson near Salem ; and " hazle-nuts " on the Hudson, by the remonstrants against 

 Stuyvesant : C. Americana, by Michaux from Canada to Florida ; by myself along the Atlantic from 

 43 to 40 ; by Schweinitz at 36 ; by Elliot, in the upper district of Carolina and Georgia ; by Chap- 

 man, in "West Florida, and northward," its branches "tough and flexible;" by Short, in Kentucky; 

 by myself, on the Wabash ; and by Nuttall, on the Arkansas. 



Myrica cerifera of Northeast America. The wax-myrtle or bayberry, perhaps one of the three 

 kinds of berries yielding oil to the natives on the Roanoke (Hariot) ; among the Nantucket natives, 

 the " medomhumar " punishment for boys consisted in filling their nostrils with water in which the 

 woody portion of its root had been steeped — (Z. Macy in hist. coll. iii. 159) = the "myrtle" was 

 seen by W. Wood i. 5 near Plymouth ; M. cerifera, by Lapylaie in Newfoundland ; by myself, along 

 the Atlantic from 45° to 42° ; and was received by A. Gray from Lake Erie. From transported speci- 

 mens, described by Linnaeus. 



Myrica Carolincnsis of Carolina and the Lower Mississippi. — Possibly the oil-yielding berry 

 seen by Hariot on the Roanoke (De Bry i.) : observed by myself along the Atlantic from 39 in the 

 Delaware peninsula ; by Schweinitz, at 36° near Fayette; by Elliot, in South Carolina; by Chapman, 

 " mostly near the coast, Florida, and northward ; " and by Nuttall, in Arkansas. 



Orontium aqu.Uicum of Northeast America. An Araceous aquatic sometimes called golden club 

 (A. Gray) : clearly the " sacquenummener " of the Roanoke, growing in stagnant water, its berries 

 like capparis but a little larger and requiring eight or nine hours cooking (Har. in De Bry i. 19) ; 

 and "ocouo-htanamims" of James river, "growing in watry valleis and very much like unto capers," 

 and which tre poisonous unless boiled " nere halfe a daie " — (Strachey) : O. aquaticum is known 

 to <rrow from Lat. 42 in Massachusetts (A. Gray) and on the Hudson (Eat.) ; was observed by 

 myself to 39 ; by Elliot, in South Carolina ; by N. A. Ware in Florida, and by Croom on the Ock- 

 lockony; by Chapman, in "ponds and slow-flowing streams, Florida, and northward ; " but was not 

 seen by Nuttall West of the Alleghanies. From transported specimens, is described by Linnaeus. 



Sagittaria variabilis of North America. The American arrow-head, called by the natives in 

 Northwest America " wappatoo " (R. Brown jun.), in Northeast America " katniss," and its root 

 extensively eaten — (Kalm trav. ii. 97, and Forst. cat.) : S. variabilis has been observed by myself 

 alon-r the Atlantic from 43 to 40 ; by Pursh, from Pennsylvania to Carolina; by Schweinitz, at 

 36 - & by Elliot in South Carolina ; by Chapman, " Florida, and northward ; " by Short, in Kentucky; 

 by Nuttall on 'the Arkansas ; by E. James, at the sources of the Platte ; by Drummond, to 54° on 

 the Saskatchewan; and in Northwest America, its name "wappatoo" was found by R. Brown jun. 

 transferred by the natives to the newly-introduced potato. 



Zi-ania aquatica of Northeast America. The Indian rice is a subaquatic reedy grass, its seeds 

 from early times collected and eaten :-" genus arundinis " bearing grain that resembles rye or 

 wheat and is boiled and eaten, was seen by Hariot on the Roanoke (De Bry i. 19) ; and " nattourne 

 growino- as our bents in meadows, its seed not unlike rye but much smaller, by Strachey on James 



