772 



CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



New England, abounding especially "in some parts where the natives have planted " (abandoned 

 clearings exposed to the sun) : " strawberyes " were seen by Newport on James river ; and " fraga " 

 as large and sweet as in English gardens, by Hariot on the Roanoke (De Bry i.) : F. Virgimana is 

 known to grow on Newfoundland and throughout Canada to Slave Lake Lat. 62° (Hook.) ; was 

 observed by myself along the Atlantic from 45° to 39° ; b y Pursh > from Canada to Carolina ; by 

 Elliot, in the Upper district of Carolina and Georgia ; by Chapman, in " rich woods, Florida to Mis- 

 sissippi, and northward ; " by Croom, as far as 30 30' ; and by Beck, near the mouth of the Missouri. 

 Transported to Europe before 1613, is described by Besler hort. 7 f . 8 (Spreng.), has since become 

 abundantly cultivated, furnishing the most approved garden varieties ; is probably the species enu- 

 merated by Clot-Bey as recently introduced and successfully cultivated in Egypt. 



Sassafras officinale of Northeast America. The sassafras tree, called by the Narragansetts 

 " sasaunckapamuck " (R. Will. 16), and known from early times : — "sassafras " was seen by Ama- 

 das and Barlow on Roanoke island; "saxefras" wood was one of the earliest articles of commerce 

 with New England (J. Smith n. e. trials), and a voyage to procure some was made in 1603 by Pring: 

 S. officinale has been observed by myself along the Atlantic from 43 to 38 ; by Schweinitz, at 36 ; 

 by Catesby i. pi. SS, and Elliot, in South Carolina; by Chapman, in "Florida, and northward;" by 

 Croom, as far as 30° 30'; by F. A. Michaux, from 43 to Florida, and throughout the Ohio States 

 to the Missouri; by Long's Expedition, as far up the Mississippi as 43 ; by E. James, at the 

 junction of the Canadian and Arkansas; and was seen by Hernandez at Mechoacan Lat. 20 in 

 Mexico. Transported from Florida to Europe, became known "in 1571 " to Monardes pi. : the 

 imported bark and wood continue to be employed medicinally (Lindl.) ; and "sassal'ra" wood, im- 

 ported by the way of Greece, was found by Forskal mat. med. in the drug-shops of Egypt. 



Quercus alba of Northeast America. The white oak : dried acorns of the " mangummenauk " 

 macerated in water for food by the natives on the Roanoke (Har.) ; acorns dried and boiled for food 

 by the Narragansetts (R. Will, key 16) ; and "white-oak acorns" boiled for oil by the natives of 

 New England — (Joss, rar. 47) : <| alba was also seen in New England by W. Wood i. 5, and Hig- 

 geson ; by F. A. Michaux, from the Lower Kennebec and 46 in Canada to Illinois, and along the 

 Atlantic to 2S ; by myself, from 43 30' to 38°; by Elliot, in South Carolina; by Chapman, in 

 "damp woods, Florida to Mississippi, and northward ; " by Darby, on the Washita river ; by Nuttall, 

 on the Arkansas ; by E. James on its Canadian branch ; and by Long's Expedition, as far as 4S on 

 Rainy Lake. (See Acer rubrum). 



Juniperus lirginiaua of Northeast America. The red cedar or American savin, called by the 

 Narragansetts " mishquawtuck " — (R. Will, key 16) : "savins" were seen by Cabeza de Vaca on 

 the North shore of the Mexican Gulf; " cedrus," by Hariot on the Roanoke (De Bry i.) ; the "cedar 

 tree " by W. Wood in New England, not " very high " and its wood " more desired for ornament than 

 substance, being of colour red and white, like eugh, smelling as sweet as juniper :" J. Yirginiana is 

 known to grow from Lat. 45 in New England (Kalm) and 50 on Lake Winnipeg (Long's Exp. ii. 

 81) ; has been observed by myself from 43 30' along the Atlantic to 38° ; by Elliot, in South Carolina 

 and Georgia ; by Chapman, " Florida, and northward ; " by Bartram, as far as 28° -, by F. A. Michaux, 

 from 44 in New England to Cape Florida, St. Bernard's Bay, and in the Western States ; by Darby, 

 near Natchitoches ; by Nuttall, on the Arkansas ; by E. James, at the sources of the Arkansas as far 

 as the Rocky mountains. 



" 1310 A. D." (Blair), the island of Rhodes captured by the Knights of St. John ; and made the 

 residence of this monastic 1 >rder. 



"The same year" (Nicoh), synods at Paris, Mavence, Senlis, Ravenna, and Salamanca. On 

 the accusations against knights Templars, some of whom were found guilty. 



The same year = " 718 Hcj ," inscribed in Palestine on the great tower at Ramleh : completed 

 (according to Mejr-el-Din, Kitt. cycl. bibl.) in this year by sultan Naser. 



"In this year" (Plumb, cosm. ii., Klaproth gives 12^4), the Persian writer Rashid-eddin corn- 

 river : Z. aquatica was observed in Fox river of Lake Huron by Marquette in 1 C73 ; and is known to 

 form beds in inundated situations from " Lat. 50 " on the Winnipeg River (Mackenz., and Long's 

 Exp. ii. m) along the Mississippi and its tributaries ; was observed by Nuttall along the Arkansas; 

 by Short in Kentucky ; by myself, from the St Lawrence near Quebec to 39° along the Atlantic ; by 

 Elliot, in South Carolina ; by Chapman, in " Florida, and northward ; " and was received from Florida 

 by Pursh. 



Cypripedium acaule of Northeast America. The moccasin flower of the natives, from early 

 times in great esteem for decking their hair — (Catesby, and Cutl. p. 4S6) : C. acaule was observed by 

 myself from 48 on the Lower St. Lawrence to 38 in the Delaware peninsula; by Croom, near New- 

 bern ; by Elliot, only in the Upper district of Carolina ; and by Short, in Kentucky. 



