OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 775 



" In the time of Yng-tsoung and of Chun," 1321 to 1367 A. D. (topog. Cant., and Pauth. p. 473), 

 commerce was twice interrupted, and after a year, re-opened. A decision, That foreign nations 

 should bring a tribute every three years. The regulations at Canton were made extremely severe. 

 Ships bringing tribute, were compelled to discharge cargo and wait through the harvest. And " a 

 hundred and twenty-two houses were built for the accommodation of foreigners." 



"March 24th (= 721 A. H. Rabi-ul-awal " of Ferisht., Elph.), sultan Mobarik and all the 

 Khilji family put to death. "Aug. 22d (= 721 A. H. Rejeb 30" of Ferisht.), the usurper Khusru 

 succeeded by Gheias-u-din Toghlak, now fourteenth sultan of Delhi. — He built at Delhi the fort of 

 Toghlakabad, remarkable for its massive grandeur. 



"In this year (= 721 A. H.," Gildem.), the geographical work of Abulfada completed. He 

 speaks of Malabar, where according to a traveller's account, from the abundance of water and creep- 

 ing plants the whole face of the country is green (a circumstance that seemed extraordinary to one 

 brought up in the Desert) : of the city of Kandahar "built by Alexander:" and of " Lauhaur " (La- 

 hore) also called " Lahaver," described in the Allubab as a great city of India, and the birthplace of 

 many learned men. — He died " in 1331 " (Pouchet). 



1322 A. D. = " 1247 an. jav." (Raffles x.), supposed date of the treaty of partition between Raden 

 Tanduran and his half-brother Chiong Wanara; dividing Java by a line running due South from a stone 

 column placed at Tugu. — After the death of the half-brother, the kingdom soon became united, with 

 the seat of government now at Majapahit. The stone column at Tugu, a few miles West of Sema- 

 rang, continued standing when Raffles was writing. 



" April tst " (acta sanct., and rec. voy. et mem. p. 7), four Franciscan missionaries on their way 

 to Cathay (China) driven by a storm to Tana (near the site of Bombay), and put to death by the 

 Muslim ruler of the country. Their companion, a Dominican named Jordanus Catalani, absent on a 

 visit to Paroco (Baroach), returned and with the aid of a resident Genoese the bodies were trans- 

 ported to Supera (Sefer or Sefarah el Hend) and buried in a church. — In a letter dated "Jan. 1323," 

 Jordanus gives an account of the affair, having perhaps by this time reached his destination Colum- 

 bum or Palumbum (Palembang in Sumatra). He describes his residence as situated in India Major, 

 the pole star only two fingers breadth above the horizon, the sun for six months casting a shadow 

 South, and the days and nights not exceeding each other a full hour at any season. " April 9th 

 1330," he was appointed bishop of Columbum by pope Joannes XXII. 



He describes the ships sailing to Cathay as very large (Chinese junks) ; while those built in 

 India Major were sown together with thread from a certain herb, and though of good size were not 

 decked. A portion of that India was called Champa, where elephants are used for all kinds of work, 

 supplying the place of horses, mules, donkeys, and camels. 



He had heard of the existence on a very great island of homines p \ V V U L I n I pigmy men, 

 no larger than a boy three or four years old but all shaggy like a goat, living in the forest and rarely 

 met with : — clearly the Borneo orang, Pithecus satyrus. 



The &. V I S A_d mOdum miLVI having according to Jordanus mirab. the head white and the 

 body above and beneath tot &. PU beA., snatching fish from the hands of the fishermen, — is clearly 

 the B ram in kite, Haliaetus Ponticerianus. 



Jordanus had heard of a third India (Madagascar and Equatorial Africa), where the huge bird 

 called rOC is found, also animals 2^d modum Ckttl producing the finest of known perfumes 

 (civet), and others kd mod U m &.S I n I but with transverse stripes black and white and very beau- 

 tiful (BurcheWs Zebra, Equus Burchellii). 



While passing through Babylonia, f U 1 1 VIS&.tOrtuC& carrying upon its back five men 

 (Galapagos tortoise, Testudo). 



In&a xylocarpa of Tropical Hindustan and Burmah. The iron-wood is called in the environs of 

 Bombay "jamba" (Graham), in Telinga " conda-tangheroo " (Drur.) ; and the tree "harder than 

 all, which the strongest arrows can scarcely pierce " seen by Jordanus in Hindustan, — may be com- 

 pared : I. xylocarpa was observed by Graham on the Ghaut and the " hilly parts of the Concan ; " 

 by Roxburgh cor. pi. 100, and Wight, in other parts of Hindustan, its wood used by the natives for 

 plough-heads and for knees and crooked timbers in shipbuilding. Farther East, was observed by 

 Mason, v. 529, abounding in Burmah " from Mergui to Toungoo " and called " pyen-ka-do," its trunk 

 " thirty and forty feet without a branch " by "'eight and nine " in circumference, the wood extremely 

 durable but so hard that workmen " are reluctant to try their tools on it at any price." 



Entada scandens of wooded Tropical shores from Hindustan to the Polynesian islands. A 

 woody vine called in the environs of Bombay " garbee " or " gardul " (Graham), in Burmah " kung- 

 nyen " (Mason), in which we recognize the C^rroblke of stupendous size seen by Jordanus mirab. 

 in India Minor: — E. scandens was observed in Hindustan byKheedeviii.pl. 32 and ix. pi. 77, 

 Roxburgh, Wight; by Graham, " along the range of Ghauts" running "over the highest trees," the 

 stem found by Gibson in one instance "full six feet in circumference," and the seeds employed by the 



