77 8 



CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Jucrlans nigra of Northeast America. The black walnut is a large tree, known to the natives 

 from early times : — West of the mouths of the Mississippi, Cabeza de Vaca found natives coming 

 to eat walnuts, of the size of those of Galicia (transl. B. Smith) : the "black walnutt" with which 

 ships are laden, was seen by Strachey in i6to on James river: J. nigra, though comparatively rare 

 along the Atlantic, has been observed by myself from nearly 41 to 38 : by Schwemitz, in 36 ; by 

 Elliot, in the Upper country of Carolina, rare along the seacoast ; by Chapman, in " Florida, and 

 northward ; " by N. A. Ware, from Indian river and Alachua to Opelousas ; is known to abound in 

 rich woods'from Lat. 43° on the Genessee Westward (F. A. Mx.) ; was observed on Long's Expedi- 

 tion i. 339 very little beyond 43 on the Mississippi ; by Nuttall, in 34° in Arkansas ; by E. James, 

 on the Canadian branch of the Upper Arkansas ; and a walnut was seen by Pike ap. 22 at Carracal 

 in Lat 30 . Black walnut timber is highly valued, much resembles mahogany, and has become a very 

 general substitute for cabinet furniture. 



Celtis Occideiitahs of Northeast America. The hackberry or sugarberry is a tree, known to the 

 natives from early times and its fruit eaten : — West of the mouths of the Mississippi, Cabeza de 

 Vaca found the natives seeking the fruit of certain trees which is like a pea * (transl. B. Smith) : 

 C. Occidentalis has been observed by myself along the Atlantic from Lat. 43 to 39 ; by Tradescant, 

 in Virginia; by Elliot, on the sea-islands of South Carolina; by Baldwin, as far as 31 , also on Ber- 

 muda ; by Chapman, in "rich soil, Georgia, and northward;" by F. A. Michaux, in our Middle, 

 Southern, and Western States ; by Long's Expedition ii. 36, on the Red river of the North as far as 

 49 . Transported to Europe in 1656 (Ait ), is described by .Miller diet. pi. 88, and Scopoli ii. 100 

 (Pers.) ; and was observed by Clot-Bey in the gardens of Egypt. 



" In this year (= 725 A. H." of Ferisht., Elph.), Gheias-u-din Toghlak succeeded by his son 

 Mohammed Toghlak, now fifteenth sultan of Delhi. — He patronized literature, founded hospitals 

 and almshouses, and acknowledged the Investiture of the caliph in Egypt. 



" In this year (= 725 A. H." of Makrizi, De Sacy, and Gildem. p. 39), Ibrahim commanding a 

 ship from Calicut, weary of the impositions inflicted on merchants by a Yemen chief, entered the 

 Red Sea and proceeded direct to Djidda ; where he was honorably treated. — Others following his 

 example, Aden hitherto the stopping-place for vessels declined, and Djidda became the seat of com- 

 merce with India. 



Euphorbia officinaritm of Tropical Arabia and Africa. A cactiform spurge called in Yemen 

 "schorur" (Forsk.), its stems congested in a tuft a foot high, and its milky juice from early times 

 employed by the Arabs as cathartic : — observed by Forskal p. 94 at Djobla among the mountains 

 of Yemen. Transported to Europe, is described by Commelyn hort. i. pi. 11, and Blackwell pi. 340 

 (Pers., and Lindl.). 



observed by Nuttall in 38 in the Delaware peninsula ; by Pursh, in Virginia and Carolina ; by Elliot, 

 in South Carolina; by Chapman, "in open or cultivated ground, common;" by Croom, as far as 

 30° 30' in Florida; by Baldwin, on Bermuda: Westward, by Pitcher on the Arkansas; and was 

 received by Muhlenberg from Tennessee. Transported to Europe, is described bv I. Robin 3, and 

 Jacquin rar. pi. 187 (Pers.). 



* Celtis Afissiiippjiiiis of the Lower Mississippi. Possibly the species in question, — and that 

 seen by Darby 119 at 31 in Louisiana : C. Missisippensis is described by Bosc ; was observed by 

 Nuttall on the Mississippi, Red river, and Arkansas, and termed " c. integrifolia ; " bv Chapman, as 

 far East as Apalachicola, but "perhaps introduced;" and was received by A. Grav from West Ken- 

 tucky. " C. crassifolia," its leaves serrate but also having a long tapering point, was observed by 

 F. A. Michaux on the Ohio and in Tennessee, and by Nuttall on the Arkansas. 



Persea Carolina/sis of the alluvial Atlantic border of North America. The red bay is a tree 

 called by the natives on the Roanoke " ascopo, ' and known from early times, — described by Hariot 

 as like a bay tree and with the birk hot and acrid (De Bry i. 8) : "l.iuri " were observed by Yerraza- 

 nns on the coast in Lat. 34° ; by J. le Moyne, in East Florida; and by Cabeza de Vaca, on the North 

 shore of the Mexican gulf: P. Carolinensis is known to grow as far as 38 in the Delaware peninsula 

 (A. Gray) ; was observed by Catesby i. pi. 63. and Elliot, in South Carolina ; by F. A. Michaux, 

 from Lower Virginia to Florida and the Mississippi ; by Chapman, in "rich shady woods, Florida to 

 North Carolina," and a shrubby variety with larger flowers in "pine-barren swamps; " by Croom, as 

 far as 30 30' ; and by Darby, in Opelousas. 



Zizania miliacea of Carolina and the Lower Mississippi. An aquatic reed-like grass, known 

 from early times : — West of the mouths of the Mississippi, Cabeza de Vaca found a kind of small 

 grain ground by the natives with walnuts: Z. miliacea is described by Michaux; was observed by 

 Elliot in South Carolina; by Chapman, in "deep marshes and ponds, Florida, and northward," the 

 "staminate and pistillate spikelets intermixed;" by H. Little, in the delta of the Mississippi; by 

 Nuttall, in Salt river of Arkansas and as far as 35°. 



