OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 779 



" 1326 A. D." (Alst. p. 226), in Asia Minor, Oth man succeeded by his son Orchan, second 

 Turkish sultan. The captured city of Bursa became Orchan's seat of government. 



Cufic and Arabic inscriptions on tombs around Oufa, of princes anterior to the Russian occupa- 

 tion : and not far from Verkoturia, ruins of an ancient Tchoud or Tartar fortress — (Pall. trav. ii. 

 II and 377). 



Polygonum undulation of the Uralian plains. Called by the Russians "kizlez" or "kapousta," 

 by the Baschkirs " kamouslouk " and eaten by them from early times — (Pall. trav. ii. 33) ; observed 

 by Gmelin fl. iii. pi. 10 in Siberia ; by Pallas, beyond Oufa, the stems before flowering agreeably 

 acid. 



Valeriana film of Eastern Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in the Baschkir 

 country " zemliano'i ladan " ground-incense, and from early times employed medicinally — (Pall.): 

 described by Valerius Cordus f. 3, and Blackwell pi. 250 ; known to grow as far West as the Upper 

 Rhine and Silesia (Pers.) ; observed by Pallas ii. 136 on the East side of the Ural mountains. 



Adonis Votgcnsis of the Uralian plains. Called by peasants " starodoubka," and used medicinally 

 from early times, — observed by Pallas i. to ii. 26 on the Lower Volga, and becoming more frequent 

 Eastward beyond the Yaik. 



Lilium martagou of West Siberia. Called " sarana," and from early times its root collected and 

 eaten by the Baschkirs, — observed by Pallas ii. 185 to 239 on the route to and around Ekaterinbourg ; 

 by Jacquin pi. 351 as far West as Austria, and by Sibthorp on the mountains of Greece (but not found 

 by others, Fraas). Farther West, is described by Dodoens p. 201, and C. Bauhin pin. 87; is termed 

 "martagum" by Camerarius ep. 571 (Schmiedel ed. Gesn. i. p. 90), " 1. floribus reflexis montanum 

 flore rubente " by Tournefort inst. 370; has become naturalized in Italy, and on the mountains of 

 Sicily and France (Fe"e, and Lenz), in various parts of middle Europe as far as Sweden, and within 

 about three centuries in Britain (Engl. bot. pi. 2799, Pers., Fries, and A. Dec). 



Allium nutans of the Uralian plains. Called in the Baschkir country "lisoun" (Pall.), and 

 known from early times : — observed by Gmelin i. pi. 12 in Siberia; by Pallas trav. ii. 408, in the 

 grassy country near Tcheliabinsk. 



" Sept. 22d " (Blair), an army brought by queen Isabella into England, against her husband 

 Edward II. — Whu, in " January " following, was deposed by parliament, and was succeeded by his 

 son Edward III. 



"1327, Jan. 20th" (Skeat ed. Piers PL), in England Edward II. deposed, and on the "25th" 

 succeeded by Edward III. 



" In this year " (Ideler, and E. A. Soph.), Maximus Planudes writing. 



Arledia squamata of the East Mediterranean countries. An Umbelliferous annual: the 

 se\r]voa"T]daiv prescribed by Maximus Planudes morb. mat. — may be compared: A. squamata is 

 termed " thapsia orientalis anethi folio semine eleganter crenato" by Tournefort cor. 22; was 

 observed by Rauwolf on Lebanon (Pers.) ; by Sibthorp, in the Peloponnesus and along the river 

 Limyrum in Lycia; and the scarious fruit-margin is described by Persoon as "lobatoalata magna." 



"1328 A. D. = 1st year of the ' tchi-ho ' of Tai-ting-ti, and 1st year of the ' thian-li ' of his 

 successor Wen-tsoung II." (Chinese chron. table). The Grand lama on a visit from Tibet, was 

 received with the highest honours in the palace of Wen-tsoung II. . an act condemned by Chinese 

 historians. * 



"The same year" (Alst.), Andronicus II. succeeded by Andronicus III., sixty-third Byzantine 

 emperor. 



The sect of Bathenians not extinct : Ebn Batuta 5 and 9 finding in Syria " Ismailiah," who "act 

 as arrows " for sultan Naser. Farther South, he describes the inhabitants of Hali in Yemen as 

 aboriginal Arabs, "and their sultan of the tribe Beni Kenana." 



From Aden continuing South, Ebn Batuta 9 reached Makdashu in Equatorial Eastern Africa ; 

 Mambasa, "abounding in bananas, lemons, and citrons ; " and Kulwa (Keelwa). But from a remark 

 on leaving, he does not appear to have seen cocoa palms on the African coast. 



Chionanthus ? sp. of Eastern Equatorial Africa. A wild olive called there " meesoo " (Grant) ; 

 and the "jammoon" having fruit "like an olive with a stone except that exceedingly sweet " observed 

 by Ebn Batuta at Mambasa on the East African coast, — may be compared: the "meesoo" was 

 observed by Grant "in low moist ground" from about 6° 30' S. to " 3 15' N." on the Nile, a "hand- 

 some lofty tall-trunked tree," with "edible, large pea-sized, one-stoned drupes in clusters." (See 



Olea? dioica.) 



"1329, December" (NicoL), a synod at Paris. "To determine the limits of the royal and 



ecclesiastical jurisdictions." 



" 1330 A. D." (NicoL), a synod at Lambeth. An article, Forbidding "the appointment of any 

 hermit without the permission of the bishop of the diocese." 



As early as this year (see Pallas trav. iv. 88), the Samoyedes dwelling along the Arctic shore 



