780 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



of Siberia from the vicinity of the White Sea to the Yenisei * having come according to their own 

 •account from the East. — Soujef found them resembling the Tungusi and having coarse black hair 

 with very little beard (Mongolians), keeping reindeer, but living by hunting, and sometimes fishing; 

 having " tadib " magicians, called in at funerals ; but any one pronouncing the name of a dead man 

 becomes the mortal enemy of the whole family, though the name is preserved and given to a child of 

 the second or third generation. Each Samoyede has an idol in his tent ; and the women bury the 

 placenta in some by-place, beyond the reach of beasts of prey. 



Polygonum viviparum of the Arctic region and mountains farther South. Called in Sweden 

 " morto-r " or " swingras " ( Linn.), its root from early times collected in summer by the Samoyedes, 

 and eaten with the flesh of reindeer and wild game — (Gmelin) : the plant is mentioned by Matthioli 

 674 (Spreng.) ; is termed "bistorta minima" by Bauhin hist. iii. 539- " b - a, P ina media et ™'nor" by 

 C. Bauhin pin. 192, and Tournefort inst. 511, is known to grow from Lapland "to 56 " at or near the 

 sea-level and farther South on the mountains of middle Europe (fl. Dan. pi. 13, Engl. bot. pi. 669, Pers., 

 and Wats.), also in Russia and Siberia (Amm, and Pall.) : was observed by Rudbeck the younger, 

 and Linnaeus, in Lapland and Sweden ; by Haller, and Decandolle, on the mountains of Switzerland; 

 by Sibthorp, on the mountains of the Peloponnesus ; by Bieberstein, on mount Ahvar in Armenia; 

 by Pallas, at Lake Baical ; bv Gmelin, throughout Siberia to Kamtchatka. Westward, by Sabine 

 from Spitsbergen to Greenland (Hook.) ; is known to grow on Melville Island in Arctic America 

 (Wats.); was observed by .... in Labrador (Pursh) ; by Oakes and myself, on the alpine portion 

 of the White mountains ; by E. James, on the Rocky mountains ; by Mertens, at Norfolk Sound on 

 the Pacific ; and according to A. Gray, grows as far South as the "shore of Lake Superior." 



"The same year" (Nicol.), in a synod at Kherna in Armenia, Obedience was promised by the 

 Armenian church to the pope. 



The Piana affluent of the Volga (according to Pallas trav. i. 76) received its name at the time of 

 the wars between the Russians and the Mordouan princes; and a ruined intrenchment opposite Lopa- 

 tina probably belongs to the same period. — He found the Mordouans nearly all converted to Chris- 

 tianity, and differing from the Russians only in language and the dress of the women. 



Adonis vernalis of the Uralian plains. Yellow-flowered, and from early times employed in dye- 

 ing by the Mordouans, Tchouvaches, and Tartars, — (Pall. trav. i. 94 to iii. 26) : observed by Pallas 

 i. 94 to iii. 26 on the Volga and in West Siberia; by Crantz in Austria, and known to grow as far 

 West as France (Mill. diet. pi. 14, Pers., and Steud.). 



fiubus saxatilis of Northern climates. Called by the Mordouans " eidalopart," and from early 

 times used medicinally, — observed by Pallas i. no at 55° on the Volga and Ural; by Bieberstein, on 

 Caucasus. Westward, by Clusius 116; is known to grow from Switzerland to Britain (Smith fl. 545), 

 Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 134), and Lapland (Wats.); was observed by Hooker on Iceland; by JMi- 

 chaux, from Hudson's Bay to the seashore of Canada ; by Pursh, from Canada to the mountains of 

 New York and Virginia; by Bigelow, in the environs of Boston (Dec.) ; by Torrey as far as 41° on 

 the Hudson ; by myself, from 46° near Montreal to 40 along the Atlantic ; and was received by A. 

 Gray from Wisconsin. 



Stellaria dichotoma of the Uralian plains. Called by the Mordouans "souti-aat," and from early 

 times employed medicinally in decoction — (Pall. trav. i. no): known to grow also in Siberia (Smith 

 ined. pi. 14). » 



Acer tartaricum of the Uralian plains. A shrub called at Samara " neclenn," known from early 

 times, — and observed on the Lower Volga by Pallas trav. i. 234. 



Anemone (Pulsatilla) patens of the Uralian plains. Called at Samara on the Volga "odnome- 

 setschnik" throughout Siberia "vetrenitza" wind-flower (Pall.), and from early times used in dyeing, 

 — observed by Pallas i. 225 to iii. 25 from the Volga to the Irtich, vernal and fugacious; known to 

 grow Westward as far as Silesia (Pers.). 



Anemone sylvestris of the Uralian plains. Called on the Lower Volga "ovetschie' kounichko," 

 and known from early times, — observed by Pallas i 257 abundant and forming streaks on the plains. 



* Arctostaphylos alpina of the Arctic region and mountain-summits farther South. A dwarf 

 shr/jb called by the Russians at the mouth of the Obi "amprick," known from early times, — and 

 observed by Soujef (Pall. trav. iv. 34) ; observed by Gmelin on the mountains of Verchoturia, Olec- 

 mense, and at Ochotsk ; by Baumgarten i 365, on the mountains of Transylvania; and known to 

 grow in Lapland (Wats.), Finland and Sweden (Fries), Scotland (Lightf. pi. 11), on the Swiss Alps, 

 and on the Pyrenees (Clus. pann. 77, Dec, and A. Dec). Westward, was observed by Hooker on 

 Iceland ; by Parry, at Five-hawser Bay ; by Lapylaie, on Newfoundland ; by Oakes, on the White 

 mountains ; was received by A. Gray from mount Katahdin ; is known to grow on the Rocky moun- 

 tains (Wats.) ; and was observed by Chamisso on Unalascha. 



