782 



CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



grows according to Watson in perhaps every county in Scotland; according to A. Decandolle, at the 

 altitude of " 7500 feet " on the mountains of Switzerland ; was observed by Savi on the Appenines ; 

 by Bieberstein, on the upper portion of Caucasus ; by Soujef, at the mouth of the Obi (Pall. trav. 

 iv. 34)1 by Gmelin, from the Yenisei to Kamtchatka ; by Chamisso, in Kamtchatka, at Bering's 

 Straits, and on Unalaska. Westward, by Hooker on Iceland ; is known to grow in Greenland as far 

 as 71 (Wats.) ; was observed by Parry in Arctic America; by Michaux, on the seashore of Canada; 

 by myself, on the Lower St. Lawrence and near the sea-level along the Atlantic as far as 45° on 

 Mount Desert, also on the alpine portion of the White mountains ; and was brought by Long's Sec- 

 ond Expedition from the country around the sources of the Mississippi. 



"1333 A. D. = 'youan-toung,' 1st year of Chun-ti III., of the Youan" or Twenty-second 

 dynasty — (Chinese chron. table). 



" Sept. 12th " (Ebn B. 12 to 14, and Yule cath. 404), Ebn Batuta after returning to Egypt, cross- 

 ing the Mediterranean and Black Sea, journeying near the " mountains of the Russians, Christians 

 with red hair and blue eyes ugly and perfidious,'' and as far North as Bulgar on the Wolga, where he 

 heard of (fog-sk/f^s used in the "Land of darkness forty days" distant, accompanying sultan Mo- 

 hammed Uzbek to Astrachan. proceeding thence to Bokhara and the city of Balkh "since its destruc- 

 tion by Jenghiz Khan remaining in ruins," arriving at the Indus. He continued on to Kabul, the 

 Punjab Desert, and reached Delhi while the sultan was engaged in re-peopling it (his attempt to 

 transfer the inhabitants and seat of government to Dowlatabad having failed, according to Elphin- 

 stone). 



One hundred and sixty-ninth generation. May 1st, 1334, onward mostly beyond youth : the Per- 

 sian writer Sultan Aly of Korassan wr. 1334 (Ainsl.) : the Jewish writers, Abraham de Kaslar, Bon- 

 godas Cohen, Emanuel ben Jacob, Aaron ben Elia, Levi ben Gerson, Moses Narboni, Joseph ben 

 David Jewani, Immanuel of Rome, Matatja ben Moses: the Arab writer Ebn Khaldun : the Greek 

 writers, Matthaeus Blastaris d. 1335, Armenopulus d. after 1350. Nicephorus Gregoras d. after 1359, 

 Nicolaus Cabasilas, Gregorius Palamas d. after 135 1, Barlaam, Nilus of Rhodes, Leontius Pilatus, 

 Petrus Bertrandus, Landulphus Carthusianus, Simon de Cassia, Richardus Radulphus, Astesanus 

 Astensis, John Cenobarba, Guy de Chauliac : the scholastic theologians, William Occam, Monaklus 

 Dalmata, Nicolaus de Lyra, Pelagius Alvarus, Petrus Paludanus, Guido Carmelita, Adamus Goddam, 

 Joannes de Bacone, Thomas Argentinensis, Richardus Armachanus, Nicolaus de Gorram, Alphonsus 

 Vargas, Robertus Holcot, and Gregorius Ariminensis ; Jean de Roquetaillade (Pouchet) : the bota- 

 nist Bartholomew Glanville : the painter Stefano il Fiorentino d. 1350. 



" Dec. 20th " (Alst., and Nicol), Joannes XXII. succeeded by James Fournier, now Benedictus 

 XL, forty-first pope. 



'•The same year" (Crawfurd vii. 11), the island of Machian conquered by the people of Ternate. 



" In the first half of the Fourteenth century" (Pouchet), the composition of pottsrs varnish first 

 described by Pierre le bon de Lombardie. 



"1337 A. D. (= 1997th of Synmu," art de verif.), Daigo II. succeeded by Quo-mio, younger 

 brother of Kouo-gien, and now dairo of Japan. — He reigned two years, or according to other accounts 

 "twelve." 



" Beginning of June" (Blair), the first comet whose course is described with astronomical exact- 

 ness, Nicephorus Gregoras being the observer. (Enumerated by J. R. Hind, and Humboldt cosm. i. 1, 

 among those whose orbit is known from Chinese observations.) 



" 133S A. D." (Crawf. vii. 11), in Java, building of the magnificent Buddhist temple of Boro 

 Budur. 



" In this year " (Yule cath. 313), arrival of envoys bearing a letter from the Chinese emperor to 

 the pope, requesting his blessing and the frequent exchange of messengers. In his reply dated 

 Oct. 31st in the "fourth " year of his papacy, Benedict XI. commences, We although unworthy " locum 

 Dei tenemus in terris." He appointed legates in return, including John de' Marignolli, — who reached 

 the court of Uzbek on the Volga "in 1339," Armalec in Central Asia "in 1340," and Pekin in China 

 "in 1342" (an event noted also in the Chinese annals). After remaining "three years," John de' 

 Marignolli proceeded South through China, and embarking at Zayton not earlier than " Dec. 26th 

 1346," returned by sea, by the way of the island of Saba South of the Equator, and Ceylon. 



" 1 33<; A. D." (Alst.), at Spires, an assembly of electors, dukes, bishops, counts, and the most 

 learned in divine and human affairs ; convened by the emperor Louis II. Bavarus. Against the tyranny 

 of the pope. 



"In this year" (Yule cath. 2S1), through unprofitable dealings with Edward III. of England 

 failure of the Bardi of Florence, having extensive commercial relations with the Eastern countries. 

 Pegolotti, a factor in their employ, writing commercial directions, especially in regard to Constanti- 

 nople and the trade overland between the Black Sea and China. 



Laurus caryophyllus of Anam. The imported flStuChl dl gherOfknl mentioned by 



